Thursday, June 1, 2023
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Health Sciences Clinical Professor of Family Medicine
University of California, Irvine School of Medicine
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Physicians - maximum of 0.25 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™
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This activity is intended for primary care clinicians, nurses, pharmacists, physician assistants, and other clinicians who treat and manage patients who might consume excessive amounts of sugar.
The goal of this activity is for learners to be better able to assess how the consumption of sugar affects the risk for multiple disease outcomes.
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Medscape, LLC requires every individual in a position to control educational content to disclose all financial relationships with ineligible companies that have occurred within the past 24 months. Ineligible companies are organizations whose primary business is producing, marketing, selling, re-selling, or distributing healthcare products used by or on patients.
All relevant financial relationships for anyone with the ability to control the content of this educational activity are listed below and have been mitigated. Others involved in the planning of this activity have no relevant financial relationships.
Health Sciences Clinical Professor of Family Medicine
University of California, Irvine School of Medicine
This activity has been peer reviewed and the reviewer has no relevant financial relationships.
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CME / ABIM MOC / CE Released: 5/12/2023
Valid for credit through: 5/12/2024
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Sugar-sweetened beverages are associated with multiple poor health outcomes among children and adults, and the authors of the current study provide a review of trends in the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. Reductions in the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages in wealthier countries has been offset by increased consumption in less developed countries. Globally, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption is highest in the Caribbean and lowest in East Asia and Oceania. Still, a 2018 report found that sugar-sweetened beverages made up 10% to 15% of total daily caloric intake among school-aged children in China. National surveys in the US found that sugar-sweetened beverages accounted for 8% and 6.9% of total daily calories among children and adults, respectively. Overall, one study found that sugar-sweetened beverages were associated with an additional 180,000 adiposity-related deaths globally in 2010.
The current study provides a broad review of the health consequences of not just sugar-sweetened beverages, but overall sugar consumption as well.
A new compilation of nearly all research to date on the health effects of sugar offers dozens of reasons to cut back now.
Researchers from China and the United States rounded up 8,601 scientific studies on sugar and combined them to evaluate its effects on 83 health outcomes. The studies accounted for decades of research on the topic, stretching back to the beginning of the largest electronic databases for scientific papers.
The result is a list that cites the world’s most common health problems, such as heart disease, diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure, heart attack, high cholesterol, cancer, and depression. The findings were published this week in BMJ. Researchers looked at studies that evaluated the effects of consuming free sugars, which means any food that contains processed or naturally occurring sugars, such as table sugar, honey, or maple syrup. Sugar found in whole fruits and vegetables and in milk is not free sugar.
Simple Sugar Swaps
Sugar hides in some surprising foods. Try these simple changes to avoid excess sweet stuff.
US dietary guidelines recommend getting no more than 10% of daily calories from added sugars. For a typical 2,000-calorie-per-day diet, that equals no more than 200 calories, or about 12 teaspoons. The CDC reports that the average person consumes 17 teaspoons per day, with the largest sources being sugar-sweetened beverages, desserts, and snacks.
The new analysis also found links between sugary beverage consumption and other diet and lifestyle characteristics that may contribute to health problems.
“People who consumed sugar sweetened beverages more frequently were likely to ingest more total and saturated fat, carbohydrate, and sodium and less fruit, fibre, dairy products, and wholegrain foods,” the authors write. “This dietary pattern was also associated with more frequent smoking and drinking, lower physical activity levels, and more time spent watching television. Therefore, the role of these confounding factors should be taken into consideration when explaining the association between sugar consumption and burden of disease.”
Recommendations for limiting sugar consumption are in place worldwide, the authors note. They conclude that more needs to be done, given the known health dangers of sugar.
“To change sugar consumption patterns, especially for children and adolescents, a combination of widespread public health education and policies worldwide is urgently needed,” they said.
BMJ. 2023;381:e071609.[1]
