Table 1.

Characteristic	Current cigarette smoking^a
Characteristic	No past-year mental health condition (n = 6,896)	Past-year any mental illness^b(n = 3,983)	Past-year serious mental illness (n = 1,336)	Past-year mild or moderate mental illness (n = 2,647)	Past-year serious psychological distress alone (n = 1,498)	Past-year major depressive disorder alone (n = 303)	Past-year serious psychological distress and major depressive disorder (n = 1,337)
Overall	13.6 (13.0–14.3)	22.8 (21.7–23.8)	27.2 (25.3–29.0)	21.2 (19.8–22.6)	24.5 (22.3–26.7)	17.6 (13.8–21.5)	25.0 (23.3–26.8)
Survey year
2019	14.6 (14.0–15.2)	25.2 (24.3–26.2)	30.1 (27.7–32.6)	23.6 (22.4–24.8)	27.7 (25.7–29.6)	18.5 (15.6–21.4)	27.2 (25.3–29.2)
2020	12.7 (11.7–13.7)	20.3 (18.4–22.1)	24.3 (20.9–27.7)	18.9 (16.3–21.4)	21.3 (17.3–25.3)	16.7 (9.4–24.0)	22.9 (20.0–25.9)
Age, y
18–25	9.7 (8.9–10.5)	14.9 (13.8–16.0)	18.9 (16.6–21.2)	13.1 (11.8–14.5)	14.3 (12.4–16.3)	10.6 (7.6–13.6)	16.2 (14.1–18.3)
26–34	16.5 (15.6–17.4)	26.1 (24.4–27.9)	31.6 (27.9–35.4)	24.1 (22.3–26.0)	26.7 (23.3–30.1)	25.1 (15.7–34.6)	30.2 (26.2–34.1)
35–49	17.4 (16.4–18.3)	27.8 (26.0–29.6)	34.4 (30.5–38.3)	25.3 (23.3–27.4)	31.6 (28.0–35.2)	21.5 (15.9–27.2)	32.1 (27.9–36.3)
50–64	15.7 (14.4–17.1)	27.0 (23.4–30.6)	27.0 (21.6–32.3)	27.0 (22.3–31.7)	32.1 (22.3–41.9)	15.9 (10.1–21.7)	28.7 (22.2–35.1)
≥65	7.7 (6.7–8.8)	11.6 (8.4–14.7)	— ^c	11.8 (8.3–15.4)	18.1 (8.8–27.4)	— ^c	11.8 (4.9–18.6)
Sex
Male	15.8 (15.0–16.6)	25.5 (23.8–27.1)	29.1 (26.0–32.1)	24.3 (22.2–26.3)	30.1 (26.2–34.0)	16.4 (12.2–20.6)	28.0 (25.0–31.0)
Female	11.4 (10.6–12.2)	21.2 (19.8–22.5)	26.1 (23.6–28.6)	19.4 (17.6–21.2)	20.7 (18.7–22.7)	18.4 (13.0–23.7)	23.3 (20.8–25.9)
Sexual orientation
Heterosexual	13.4 (12.7–14.0)	22.1 (21.0–23.3)	27.1 (24.9–29.3)	20.6 (19.1–22.2)	24.1 (21.8–26.3)	18.1 (13.9–22.2)	24.7 (22.8–26.6)
Gay/lesbian	20.7 (16.1–25.2)	29.2 (23.8–34.6)	29.3 (19.1–39.5)	29.2 (21.6–36.7)	29.4 (20.6–38.2)	— ^c	31.3 (21.0–41.7)
Bisexual	22.3 (19.5–25.0)	25.9 (22.9–28.9)	28.5 (24.9–32.2)	23.9 (20.0–27.8)	26.8 (22.4–31.2)	17.1 (9.6–24.5)	25.4 (21.6–29.1)
Race/ethnicity
Hispanic	8.5 (7.6–9.4)	19.0 (16.0–22.1)	23.2 (17.8–28.5)	17.7 (14.1–21.3)	21.7 (14.7–28.8)	12.8 (6.1–19.5)	18.6 (14.2–22.9)
Non-Hispanic American Indian, Alaska Native	26.0 (18.8–33.2)	53.3 (40.5–66.2)	59.2 (34.5–83.8)	50.8 (33.8–67.8)	71.0 (50.1–92.0)	— ^c	40.8 (19.2–62.4)
Non-Hispanic Asian	7.2 (5.1–9.2)	7.9 (4.5–11.3)	— ^c	8.1 (4.2–11.9)	6.0 (2.8–9.2)	— ^c	— ^c
Non-Hispanic Black	16.2 (14.2–18.2)	21.0 (16.9–25.0)	17.4 (11.0–23.9)	22.1 (17.6–26.6)	24.8 (18.7–30.9)	— ^c	15.9 (10.5–21.4)
Non-Hispanic multiple races	23.4 (18.1–28.6)	29.1 (22.6–35.5)	32.5 (22.8–42.3)	27.9 (19.3–36.4)	22.8 (11.9–33.7)	23.0 (10.1–35.9)	26.4 (18.5–34.4)
Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander	13.5 (8.3–18.7)	— ^c	— ^c	— ^c	— ^c	— ^c	— ^c
Non-Hispanic White	14.8 (13.9–15.7)	24.1 (22.8–25.3)	29.6 (27.4–31.9)	22.1 (20.4–23.8)	26.0 (23.4–28.6)	18.6 (13.8–23.5)	28.0 (26.2–29.9)
Education
Less than high school diploma	21.1 (19.2–23.1)	36.3 (31.2–41.4)	46.3 (37.0–55.5)	33.8 (28.2–39.3)	33.2 (24.8–41.7)	— ^c	41.6 (33.6–49.7)
High school diploma/GED	19.0 (17.5–20.4)	32.3 (29.5–35.2)	33.0 (28.4–37.7)	32.0 (28.7–35.4)	37.7 (33.2–42.3)	29.8 (20.4–39.3)	31.5 (26.9–36.1)
Some college/associates degree	14.8 (13.8–15.8)	23.1 (21.6–24.6)	26.3 (23.5–29.1)	21.7 (19.6–23.9)	22.2 (19.1–25.4)	16.8 (12.5–21.0)	24.2 (21.5–27.0)
College graduate	5.6 (5.1–6.2)	10.5 (9.3–11.7)	16.9 (14.2–19.5)	8.7 (7.6–9.9)	9.6 (7.5–11.8)	10.1 (6.5–13.8)	14.7 (12.1–17.4)
Disability^d
Yes	15.4 (13.5–17.3)	26.7 (24.9–28.5)	29.8 (26.8–32.7)	24.9 (22.5–27.4)	27.8 (24.5–31.0)	23.1 (15.6–30.6)	29.6 (26.5–32.8)
No	13.3 (12.7–13.9)	19.8 (18.5–21.2)	23.9 (21.0–26.7)	18.9 (17.2–20.6)	22.7 (20.1–25.4)	13.9 (10.5–17.3)	19.8 (17.6–21.9)
Annual household income
Income at or below federal poverty threshold	22.5 (20.4–24.7)	36.7 (33.6–39.7)	37.6 (32.0–43.2)	36.2 (32.5–40.0)	36.8 (31.3–42.3)	24.8 (14.5–35.1)	35.9 (31.0–40.9)
Income up to 2x federal poverty threshold	18.5 (16.9–20.1)	28.1 (25.9–30.4)	32.4 (28.1–36.7)	26.6 (23.7–29.4)	26.9 (22.9–30.8)	27.8 (15.8–39.9)	29.6 (26.2–33.1)
Income more than 2x federal poverty threshold	10.9 (10.3–11.5)	17.0 (15.9–18.1)	21.4 (19.0–23.8)	15.6 (14.3–16.9)	19.4 (16.5–22.3)	12.9 (9.9–15.9)	19.5 (17.2–21.9)
Marriage status
Married/living with partner	10.0 (9.2–10.8)	17.7 (15.9–19.5)	22.1 (18.6–25.6)	16.4 (14.5–18.4)	21.2 (17.1–25.4)	15.7 (9.9–21.5)	20.3 (16.9–23.8)
Divorced/separated/widowed	19.6 (17.7–21.6)	30.2 (27.9–32.6)	36.7 (32.1–41.3)	27.8 (24.9–30.7)	35.8 (29.3–42.3)	21.1 (14.8–27.4)	37.9 (32.6–43.3)
Never married	17.1 (16.1–18.1)	23.4 (22.2–24.6)	25.9 (23.3–28.4)	22.4 (20.9–23.9)	22.4 (20.4–24.4)	17.5 (12.4–22.6)	22.5 (20.4–24.7)
Health insurance^e
Public	18.5 (16.9–20.1)	31.6 (29.2–33.9)	32.7 (28.8–36.6)	31.1 (27.9–34.2)	32.7 (28.9–36.4)	26.5 (15.8–37.1)	31.7 (27.9–35.5)
Private	10.5 (9.9–11.1)	15.7 (14.6–16.8)	19.8 (17.1–22.4)	14.5 (13.2–15.8)	17.3 (14.4–20.2)	13.1 (10.3–15.9)	17.3 (15.0–19.6)
Uninsured	23.1 (21.2–25.0)	37.7 (34.4–40.9)	43.8 (37.3–50.3)	35.2 (31.5–38.9)	37.7 (32.9–42.5)	24.8 (12.7–36.9)	40.0 (34.6–45.4)
Employment status
Full time	14.4 (13.7–15.2)	20.5 (19.1–22.0)	25.6 (23.3–27.9)	19.0 (17.3–20.6)	22.0 (19.4–24.7)	16.0 (11.2–20.9)	23.7 (21.1–26.2)
Part time	11.6 (10.3–12.9)	16.4 (14.4–18.4)	20.0 (15.7–24.3)	15.1 (12.9–17.2)	14.6 (10.9–18.3)	13.8 (8.4–19.3)	17.9 (14.0–21.8)
Unemployed	23.3 (20.3–26.2)	35.7 (31.3–40.1)	36.8 (27.6–46.1)	35.2 (29.6–40.8)	35.4 (29.3–41.4)	29.2 (13.7–44.6)	32.2 (25.9–38.4)
Other/not in labor force	12.1 (11.1–13.2)	26.3 (23.6–28.9)	30.3 (26.6–34.1)	24.8 (21.4–28.1)	30.2 (25.2–35.3)	19.1 (11.1–27.1)	28.8 (24.9–32.7)
Metropolitan statistical area^f
Large metro	11.6 (10.8–12.4)	19.3 (18.0–20.7)	22.9 (20.1–25.8)	18.2 (16.4–20.0)	20.7 (17.3–24.0)	16.7 (10.4–23.1)	20.4 (17.8–23.1)
Small metro	15.5 (14.5–16.5)	24.6 (22.7–26.4)	30.1 (26.9–33.3)	22.4 (19.8–25.0)	26.6 (22.8–30.3)	16.3 (12.3–20.3)	28.3 (25.3–31.3)
Nonmetro/rural	17.6 (16.2–18.9)	31.3 (28.3–34.3)	34.0 (28.4–39.5)	30.3 (26.7–34.0)	33.9 (29.2–38.7)	24.4 (15.6–33.3)	33.2 (27.8–38.7)
Arrested and booked in past 12 months
Yes	44.1 (38.9–49.2)	63.0 (56.8–69.2)	69.9 (60.8–78.9)	59.3 (51.4–67.2)	66.2 (53.2–79.2)	70.2 (43.4–96.9)	62.1 (52.1–72.1)
No	30.3 (28.8–31.8)	40.5 (38.2–42.7)	41.5 (36.1–46.8)	40.0 (37.2–42.8)	47.4 (42.0–52.7)	21.2 (15.7–26.6)	44.7 (38.5–51.0)

Table 1. Percentage of Adults Who Currently Smoke Cigarettes, by Mental Health Condition, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2019–2020

Abbreviations: GED, General Educational Development.

^a Current cigarette smoking was defined as respondents who smoked ≥100 cigarettes in their lifetime and reported smoking part or all of a cigarette in the 30 days preceding interview. Values are weighted percentage (95% CI).

^b Past year any mental illness was defined as respondents who reported serious, moderate, or mild mental illness, serious psychological distress, or a major depressive disorder in the past year.

^c Estimates suppressed because relative standard error was >30%.

^d Disability was defined as respondents reporting any of the following: deaf or difficulty hearing; blind or serious difficulty seeing, even when wearing glasses; serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; difficulty dressing or bathing; difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition.

^e Public and private health insurances are not mutually exclusive; public insurance includes Medicaid, Child Health Improvement Plan, Medicare, Tricare, Champus, Veterans Administration, or some other military insurance.

^f Metropolitan statistical areas are based on the 2013 Rural–Urban Continuum Codes (www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/rural-urban-continuum-codes.aspx).

Table 2.

State	AMI^b	AMI and smoke cigarettes^b,c	No AMI and smoke cigarettes^c,d
State median, %	21.4	24.7	16.0
Alabama	20.5 (16.7–25.0)	35.0 (25.8–45.6)	19.9 (15.4–25.4)
Alaska	21.1 (17.5–25.3)	22.5 (15.5–31.6)	16.4 (13.0–20.4)
Arizona	24.1 (20.7–27.8)	16.4 (11.2–23.4)	12.6 (9.2–17.1)
Arkansas	22.3 (18.3–26.9)	35.3 (26.8–44.8)	18.3 (14.1–23.3)
California	20.1 (18.6–21.7)	19.1 (16.0–22.6)	11.2 (9.6–13.0)
Colorado	23.3 (19.9–27.0)	20.7 (14.7–28.3)	12.2 (9.3–15.9)
Connecticut	15.9 (13.1–19.2)	18.6 (12.7–26.3)	11.3 (8.0–15.8)
Delaware	20.8 (17.3–24.7)	24.2 (18.4–31.1)	17.0 (12.6–22.4)
District of Columbia	23.7 (20.2–27.7)	19.8 (13.6–27.8)	18.2 (13.5–24.2)
Florida	16.9 (15.2–18.7)	23.1 (18.8–28.0)	15.9 (13.9–18.2)
Georgia	15.7 (13.2–18.5)	20.0 (14.1–27.6)	15.3 (12.4–18.8)
Hawaii	17.9 (14.6–21.8)	22.6 (15.5–31.8)	15.6 (12.0–20.1)
Idaho	24.9 (21.5–28.6)	21.1 (15.3–28.3)	11.8 (8.2–16.7)
Illinois	20.1 (18.0–22.4)	23.9 (19.1–29.3)	15.3 (13.2–17.8)
Indiana	20.6 (17.2–24.5)	35.0 (28.6–42.0)	20.1 (16.1–24.9)
Iowa	19.7 (16.0–24.0)	26.4 (19.4–34.9)	17.7 (13.5–22.8)
Kansas	28.5 (24.3–33.1)	25.4 (17.9–34.6)	16.3 (12.3–21.5)
Kentucky	21.6 (18.1–25.6)	34.2 (26.5–42.9)	22.3 (18.2–26.9)
Louisiana	21.1 (17.8–24.9)	42.1 (32.2–52.7)	20.2 (16.4–24.5)
Maine	22.0 (17.6–27.1)	23.8 (15.7–34.4)	15.0 (10.9–20.4)
Maryland	16.6 (14.1–19.5)	23.4 (17.6–30.3)	11.5 (8.8–14.8)
Massachusetts	21.4 (17.2–26.3)	18.6 (10.8–30.2)	11.7 (9.6–14.2)
Michigan	22.7 (20.3–25.4)	27.9 (23.7–32.6)	18.1 (15.5–21.2)
Minnesota	23.6 (20.8–26.7)	28.4 (21.3–36.8)	10.5 (8.4–13.2)
Mississippi	22.1 (18.4–26.3)	32.4 (22.8–43.7)	22.6 (18.5–27.4)
Missouri	19.8 (17.0–22.9)	29.6 (23.2–36.9)	16.4 (13.2–20.1)
Montana	23.0 (18.8–27.9)	28.6 (21.3–37.1)	19.1 (16.4–22.1)
Nebraska	23.0 (20.1–26.2)	30.5 (21.4–41.3)	12.3 (9.5–15.9)
Nevada	21.2 (17.2–25.9)	26.7 (19.7–35.1)	11.9 (8.9–15.9)
New Hampshire	26.3 (22.1–31.0)	22.0 (15.7–29.9)	13.8 (10.7–17.6)
New Jersey	17.8 (15.1–20.8)	17.9 (12.8–24.5)	12.1 (9.7–15.1)
New Mexico	21.6 (17.6–26.1)	25.2 (18.6–33.1)	15.5 (10.8–21.8)
New York	18.7 (17.0–20.6)	25.6 (21.6–30.0)	14.0 (12.2–15.9)
North Carolina	18.6 (16.8–20.6)	27.0 (20.7–34.3)	17.9 (15.3–20.8)
North Dakota	18.8 (16.2–21.8)	29.0 (21.2–38.2)	18.6 (14.6–23.4)
Ohio	24.8 (22.1–27.7)	34.2 (29.2–39.5)	19.1 (16.5–22.1)
Oklahoma	29.1 (25.2–33.3)	28.7 (22.0–36.5)	21.4 (17.0–26.5)
Oregon	27.5 (23.7–31.7)	21.5 (15.3–29.3)	13.8 (10.8–17.4)
Pennsylvania	19.5 (16.9–22.3)	29.5 (23.1–36.8)	18.9 (15.5–22.8)
Rhode Island	23.9 (20.2–28.1)	20.8 (13.3–31.0)	16.2 (12.1–21.4)
South Carolina	23.3 (19.5–27.5)	24.7 (18.7–31.9)	19.9 (16.8–23.5)
South Dakota	18.4 (15.7–21.5)	28.6 (19.5–39.8)	19.4 (14.5–25.5)
Tennessee	19.6 (16.2–23.6)	32.2 (25.3–40.0)	18.0 (14.1–22.7)
Texas	17.5 (15.7–19.4)	23.0 (18.9–27.7)	14.7 (12.9–16.6)
Utah	31.5 (27.8–35.5)	11.7 (7.9–17.1)	7.8 (6.1–10.0)
Vermont	22.8 (19.1–26.9)	27.4 (20.2–36.0)	10.4 (8.0–13.5)
Virginia	20.4 (17.8–23.4)	18.9 (13.7–25.5)	15.2 (12.4–18.4)
Washington	26.1 (22.4–30.1)	20.1 (15.1–26.3)	15.4 (12.3–19.0)
West Virginia	28.3 (24.1–32.9)	31.6 (23.2–41.4)	20.7 (16.2–26.2)
Wisconsin	21.1 (18.2–24.2)	22.1 (16.9–28.3)	16.0 (12.0–20.9)
Wyoming	24.1 (20.3–28.3)	25.1 (17.7–34.1)	19.7 (14.7–25.9)

Table 2. Percentage of Adults Who Currently Smoke Cigarettes, by State and Mental Illness Status, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2019–2020^a

Abbreviation: AMI, any mental illness.

^a Values are weighted percentage (95% CI) unless otherwise indicated.

^b Any mental illness was defined as a participant who reported serious, moderate, or mild mental illness, serious psychological distress, and/or major depressive disorder in the past year.

^c Current cigarette smoking was defined as those reporting smoking part or all of a cigarette in the past 30 days before interview.

^d No serious, moderate, or mild mental illness, serious psychological distress, or major depressive episode reported over the past year.

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Faculty

Caitlin G. Loretan, MPH

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Atlanta, Georgia

Teresa W. Wang, PhD

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Atlanta, Georgia

Christina V. Watson, DrPH

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Atlanta, Georgia

Ahmed Jamal, MBBS

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Atlanta, Georgia

CME Author

Charles P. Vega, MD

Health Sciences Clinical Professor of Family Medicine
University of California, Irvine School of Medicine

Disclosures

Charles P. Vega, MD, has the following relevant financial relationships:
Consultant or advisor for: GlaxoSmithKline; Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C.

Editor

Rosemarie Perrin

Editor
Preventing Chronic Disease
Atlanta, GA

Compliance Reviewer

Leigh Schmidt, MSN, RN, CNE, CHCP

Associate Director, Accreditation and Compliance, Medscape, LLC

Disclosures

Leigh Schmidt, MSN, RN, CNE, CHCP, has no relevant financial relationships.

CME / ABIM MOC

Disparities in Current Cigarette Smoking Among US Adults With Mental Health Conditions

Authors: Caitlin G. Loretan, MPH; Teresa W. Wang, PhD; Christina V. Watson, DrPH; Ahmed Jamal, MBBS
CME / ABIM MOC Released: 12/22/2022
Valid for credit through: 12/22/2023, 11:59 PM EST

Start Activity

Credits Available

Physicians - maximum of 1.00 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™

ABIM Diplomates - maximum of 1.00 ABIM MOC points

You Are Eligible For
- Letter of Completion
- ABIM MOC points

Target Audience and Goal Statement

This activity is intended for primary care physicians, psychiatrists, addiction medicine specialists, and other healthcare professionals who see patients who smoke cigarettes.

The goal of this activity is for learners to be better able to assess the problem of cigarette smoking among US adults with mental illness.

Upon completion of this activity, participants will:

Compare the prevalence of cigarette smoking among US adults with mental illness vs those without mental illness
Distinguish types of mental illness particularly associated with cigarette smoking
Identify the racial/ethnic group with the highest prevalence of cigarette smoking
Assess variables associated with higher rates of cigarette smoking among adults with mental illness

Disclosures

Faculty

Caitlin G. Loretan, MPH

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Atlanta, Georgia

Teresa W. Wang, PhD

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Atlanta, Georgia

Christina V. Watson, DrPH

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Atlanta, Georgia

Ahmed Jamal, MBBS

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Atlanta, Georgia

CME Author

Charles P. Vega, MD

Health Sciences Clinical Professor of Family Medicine
University of California, Irvine School of Medicine

Disclosures

Charles P. Vega, MD, has the following relevant financial relationships:
Consultant or advisor for: GlaxoSmithKline; Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C.

Editor

Rosemarie Perrin

Editor
Preventing Chronic Disease
Atlanta, GA

Compliance Reviewer

Leigh Schmidt, MSN, RN, CNE, CHCP

Associate Director, Accreditation and Compliance, Medscape, LLC

Disclosures

Leigh Schmidt, MSN, RN, CNE, CHCP, has no relevant financial relationships.

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References

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Gfroerer J, Dube SR, King BA, Garrett BE, Babb S, McAfee T; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Vital Signs: current cigarette smoking among adults aged ≥18 years with mental illness — United States, 2009–2011. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2013;62(5):81–7.
Williams JM, Steinberg ML, Griffiths KG, Cooperman N. Smokers with behavioral health comorbidity should be designated a tobacco use disparity group. Am J Public Health 2013;103(9):1549–55.
Prochaska JJ, Das S, Young-Wolff KC. Smoking, mental illness, and public health. Annu Rev Public Health 2017;38(1):165–85.
Schroeder SA, Morris CD. Confronting a neglected epidemic: tobacco cessation for persons with mental illnesses and substance abuse problems. Annu Rev Public Health 2010;31(1):297–314, 1p following 314.
Agaku IT, Odani S, Okuyemi KS, Armour B. Disparities in current cigarette smoking among US adults, 2002–2016. Tob Control 2020;29(3):269–76.
Lipari RN, Van Horn SL. Smoking and mental illness among adults in the United States. Rockville (MD): The CBHSQ Report; 2017. Report no. 2738. Accessed November 29, 2021. https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/report_2738/ShortReport-2738.html
Han B, Volkow ND, Blanco C, Tipperman D, Einstein EB, Compton WM. Trends in prevalence of cigarette smoking among US adults with major depression or substance use disorders, 2006-2019. JAMA 2022;327(16):1566–76.
Cornelius ME, Loretan CG, Wang TW, Jamal A, Homa DM. Tobacco product use among adults — United States, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022;71(11):397–405.
Cook BL, Wayne GF, Kafali EN, Liu Z, Shu C, Flores M. Trends in smoking among adults with mental illness and association between mental health treatment and smoking cessation. JAMA 2014;311(2):172–82.
Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. 2020 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: methodological summary and definitions. Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2021. Accessed September 15, 2022. https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2020-methodological-summary-and-definitions
Lubitz SF, Flitter A, Wileyto EP, Ziedonis D, Stevens N, Leone F, et al. History and correlates of smoking cessation behaviors among smokers with serious mental illness. Nicotine Tob Res 2020;22(9):1492–9.
Lyvers M, Carlopio C, Vicole Bothma H, Edwards MS. Mood, mood regulation, and frontal systems functioning in current smokers, long-term abstinent ex-smokers, and never-smokers. J Psychoactive Drugs 2014;46(2):133–9.
Mitchell Hamline School of Law, Public Health Law Center. U.S. State Laws Requiring Tobacco-Free Grounds for Mental Health and Substance Use Facilities. 2022. Accessed September 6, 2022. https://www.publichealthlawcenter.org/sites/default/files/resources/Tobacco-Free-State-Policies-Mental-Health-Substance-Use-Facilities.pdf
Rodríguez-Esquivel D, Cooper TV, Blow J, Resor MR. Characteristics associated with smoking in a Hispanic sample. Addict Behav 2009;34(6-7):593–8.
Odani S, Armour BS, Graffunder CM, Garrett BE, Agaku IT. Prevalence and disparities in tobacco product use among American Indians/Alaska Natives — United States, 2010–2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2017;66(50):1374–8.
Office of the Surgeon General. Mental health: culture, race, and ethnicity: a supplement to mental health: a report of the Surgeon General. Rockville (MD): Office of the Surgeon General, Center for Mental Health Services, National Institute of Mental Health; 2001. Accessed June 8, 2022. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK44243/
Office of Minority Health. Mental and behavioral health — American Indians/Alaska Natives. US Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health; 2021. Accessed September 7, 2021. https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=4&lvlid=39
Dilley JA, Spigner C, Boysun MJ, Dent CW, Pizacani BA. Does tobacco industry marketing excessively impact lesbian, gay and bisexual communities? Tob Control 2008;17(6):385–90.
Parent MC, Arriaga AS, Gobble T, Wille L. Stress and substance use among sexual and gender minority individuals across the lifespan. Neurobiol Stress 2018;10:100146.
Russell ST, Fish JN. Mental health in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2016;12(1):465–87.
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Aufderheide D. Mental illness in America’s jails and prisons: toward a public safety/public health model. Health Affairs Blog; 2014. Accessed June 8, 2022. https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20140401.038180/full/
American Nonsmokers’ Rights Foundation. Summary of 100% smokefree state laws and population protected by 100% U.S. smokefree laws. 2021. Accessed January 5, 2022. https://no-smoke.org/wp-content/uploads/pdf/SummaryUSPopList.pdf
Hopkins DP, Razi S, Leeks KD, Priya Kalra G, Chattopadhyay SK, Soler RE; Task Force on Community Preventive Services. Smokefree policies to reduce tobacco use. a systematic review. Am J Prev Med 2010;38(2 Suppl):S275–89.
Marynak K, VanFrank B, Tetlow S, Mahoney M, Phillips E, Jamal A, et al. Tobacco cessation interventions and smoke-free policies in mental health and substance abuse treatment facilities — United States, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2018;67(18):519–23.
National Council for Mental Wellbeing. The psychiatric shortage: causes and solutions. 2018. Accessed June 8, 2022. https://www.thenationalcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Revised-Final-Access-Paper.pdf
Alharthy A, Hosler AS, Leckman-Westin E, Kammer JR. Association between tobacco retailer density and smoking among adults with diabetes and serious mental illness in New York State. Prev Chronic Dis 2022;19:E01.
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« Return to: Disparities in Current Cigarette Smoking Among US Adults With Mental Health Conditions

Earn Credit CME / ABIM MOC Information

Summary
References

Table 1.

Table 2.

Faculty and Disclosures

Faculty

Caitlin G. Loretan, MPH

Teresa W. Wang, PhD

Christina V. Watson, DrPH

Ahmed Jamal, MBBS

CME Author

Charles P. Vega, MD

Editor

Rosemarie Perrin

Compliance Reviewer

Leigh Schmidt, MSN, RN, CNE, CHCP

CME / ABIM MOC

Disparities in Current Cigarette Smoking Among US Adults With Mental Health Conditions

Credits Available

You Are Eligible For

Target Audience and Goal Statement

Disclosures

Faculty

Caitlin G. Loretan, MPH

Teresa W. Wang, PhD

Christina V. Watson, DrPH

Ahmed Jamal, MBBS

CME Author

Charles P. Vega, MD

Editor

Rosemarie Perrin

Compliance Reviewer

Leigh Schmidt, MSN, RN, CNE, CHCP

Accreditation Statements

For Physicians

Instructions for Participation and Credit

Disparities in Current Cigarette Smoking Among US Adults With Mental Health Conditions

References

Table of Contents