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CME / ABIM MOC / CE

What Is the Priority? Screening, Treatment, and Vaccination Guidelines for Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C

  • Authors: Chloe Thio, MD
  • CME / ABIM MOC / CE Released: 5/18/2022
  • THIS ACTIVITY HAS EXPIRED FOR CREDIT
  • Valid for credit through: 5/18/2023
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Target Audience and Goal Statement

This activity is intended for primary care physicians, infectious disease/HIV specialists, gastroenterologists, obstetricians and gynecologists, pharmacists, and nurses.

The goal of this activity is that learners will be better able to identify health disparities in populations burdened by hepatitis B and hepatitis C, and apply clinical guidelines for vaccination, screening, and management. 

Upon completion of this activity, participants will:

  • Have increased knowledge regarding the
    • Management of viral hepatitis
  • Self-assess learning needs related to
    • Identifying individuals at risk for viral hepatitis who might be impacted by disparities


Disclosures

Medscape, LLC requires every individual in a position to control educational content to disclose all financial relationships with ineligible companies that have occurred within the past 24 months. Ineligible companies are organizations whose primary business is producing, marketing, selling, re-selling, or distributing healthcare products used by or on patients.

All relevant financial relationships for anyone with the ability to control the content of this educational activity are listed below and have been mitigated according to Medscape policies. Others involved in the planning of this activity have no relevant financial relationships.


Faculty

  • Chloe Thio, MD

    Professor or Medicine
    Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
    Baltimore, Maryland
    Participation by Dr Thio does not constitute or imply endorsement by the Johns Hopkins University or the Johns Hopkins Hospital and Health System

    Disclosures

    Consultant or advisor for: Allovir

Editors

  • Maria Uravich, BSc, ELS

    Medical Education Director, Medscape, LLC

    Disclosures

    Disclosure: Maria Uravich, BSc, ELS, has no relevant financial relationships.

  • Gina Montanero, PharmD

    Associate Medical Writer, Medscape, LLC

    Disclosures

    Disclosure: Gina Montanero, PharmD, has no relevant financial relationships.

Compliance Reviewer/Nurse Planner

  • Stephanie Corder, ND, RN, CHCP

    Associate Director, Accreditation and Compliance, Medscape, LLC

    Disclosures

    Disclosure: Stephanie Corder, ND, RN, CHCP, has no relevant financial relationships.

Peer Reviewer

This activity has been peer reviewed and the reviewer has no relevant financial relationships.


Accreditation Statements



In support of improving patient care, Medscape LLC is jointly accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), to provide continuing education for the healthcare team.

    For Physicians

  • Medscape, LLC designates this enduring material for a maximum of 0.25 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™ . Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

    Successful completion of this CME activity, which includes participation in the evaluation component, enables the participant to earn up to 0.25 MOC points in the American Board of Internal Medicine's (ABIM) Maintenance of Certification (MOC) program. Participants will earn MOC points equivalent to the amount of CME credits claimed for the activity. It is the CME activity provider's responsibility to submit participant completion information to ACCME for the purpose of granting ABIM MOC credit. Aggregate participant data will be shared with commercial supporters of this activity.

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    For Nurses

  • Awarded 0.25 contact hour(s) of nursing continuing professional development for RNs and APNs; 0 contact hours are in the area of pharmacology.

    Contact This Provider

For questions regarding the content of this activity, contact the accredited provider for this CME/CE activity noted above. For technical assistance, contact [email protected]


Instructions for Participation and Credit

There are no fees for participating in or receiving credit for this online educational activity. For information on applicability and acceptance of continuing education credit for this activity, please consult your professional licensing board.

This activity is designed to be completed within the time designated on the title page; physicians should claim only those credits that reflect the time actually spent in the activity. To successfully earn credit, participants must complete the activity online during the valid credit period that is noted on the title page. To receive AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™, you must receive a minimum score of 70% on the post-test.

Follow these steps to earn CME/CE credit*:

  1. Read about the target audience, learning objectives, and author disclosures.
  2. Study the educational content online or print it out.
  3. Online, choose the best answer to each test question. To receive a certificate, you must receive a passing score as designated at the top of the test. We encourage you to complete the Activity Evaluation to provide feedback for future programming.

You may now view or print the certificate from your CME/CE Tracker. You may print the certificate, but you cannot alter it. Credits will be tallied in your CME/CE Tracker and archived for 6 years; at any point within this time period, you can print out the tally as well as the certificates from the CME/CE Tracker.

*The credit that you receive is based on your user profile.

CME / ABIM MOC / CE

What Is the Priority? Screening, Treatment, and Vaccination Guidelines for Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C

Authors: Chloe Thio, MDFaculty and Disclosures
THIS ACTIVITY HAS EXPIRED FOR CREDIT

CME / ABIM MOC / CE Released: 5/18/2022

Valid for credit through: 5/18/2023

processing....

References

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  2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2025 Strategic Plan. Division of Viral Hepatitis. 2020. Accessed March 21, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/pdfs/DVH-StrategicPlan2020-2025.pdf
  3. US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Viral hepatitis national strategic plan for the United States: a roadmap to elimination (2021–2025). Published 2020. Accessed March 21, 2022. https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/Viral-Hepatitis-National-Strategic-Plan-2021-2025.pdf
  4. National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP). Strategic plan through 2020. Updated December 2015. Accessed March 21, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/strategicpriorities/docs/nchhstp-strategic-plan-through-2020-508.pdf
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  6. World Health Organization (WHO). Global progress report on HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections, 2021. Published 2021. Accessed March 21, 2022. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240027077
  7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). What is viral hepatitis? Reviewed July 28, 2020. Accessed March 21, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/abc/index.htm
  8. World Health Organization. Interim guidance for country validation of viral hepatitis elimination. Published 2021. Accessed March 21, 2022. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240028395
  9. Sulkowski M, et. Estimating the year each state in the United States will achieve the World Health Organization's elimination targets for hepatitis C. Adv Ther. 2021;38:423-440.
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  11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2020 National viral hepatitis progress report. Reviewed June 8, 2021. Accessed March 21, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/policy/npr/2020/NationalProgressReport2020.htm
  12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2021 National viral hepatitis progress report. Reviewed June 9, 2021. Accessed March 21, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/policy/npr/2021/NationalProgressReport2021.htm
  13. Feld JJ and Ward JW. Key elements on the pathway to HCV elimination: lessons learned from the AASLD HCV Special Interest Group 2020. Hepatol Commun. 2021;5:911-922.
  14. Arain A, Robaeys G. Eligibility of persons who inject drugs for treatment of hepatitis C virus infection. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20:12722-12733.
  15. Biancarelli DL, et al. Strategies used by people who inject drugs to avoid stigma in healthcare settings. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019;198:80-86.
  16. Bull-Otterson L, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus infection testing among commercially insured persons who inject drugs, United States, 2010-2017. J Infect Dis. 2020;222:940-947.
  17. Schillie S, et al. CDC recommendations for hepatitis C screening among adults - United States, 2020. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2020;69:1-17.
  18. US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Priority populations. Last Reviewed January 6, 2021. Accessed March 21, 2022. https://www.hhs.gov/hepatitis/viral-hepatitis-national-strategic-plan/priority-populations/index.html
  19. Schillie S, et al. Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus infection in the United States: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2018;67:1-31.
  20. Wilton J, et al. Association between prescription opioid therapy for noncancer pain and hepatitis C virus seroconversion. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5:e2143050.
  21. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Viral hepatitis surveillance report 2019 (hepatitis B). Reviewed May 7, 2021. Accessed March 21, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/statistics/2019surveillance/HepB.htm
  22. Arora S, et al. Outcomes of treatment for hepatitis C virus infection by primary care providers. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:2199-207.
  23. Kolasa MS, et al. Hepatitis B surface antigen testing among pregnant women, United States 2014. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2017;36:e175-e180.
  24. Hepatitis B Foundation. Hepatitis B blood tests. Published 2022. Accessed March 21, 2022. https://www.hepb.org/prevention-and-diagnosis/diagnosis/hcvbloodtests/#:~:text=The%20%E2%80%9CHepatitis%20B%20Panel%E2%80%9D%20of%20Blood%20Tests&text=HBsAg%20(Hepatitis%20B%20surface%20antigen,antigen%E2%80%9D)%20in%20your%20blood.
  25. Terrault NA, et al. Update on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic hepatitis B: AASLD 2018 hepatitis B guidance. Hepatology. 2018;67:1560-1599.
  26. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Adult immunization schedule. Reviewed February 17, 2022. Accessed March 21, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/imz/adult.html
  27. Prehevbrio (hepatitis B vaccine [recombinant]) [prescribing information]. Approved November 2021.
  28. Vesikari T, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of a 3-antigen hepatitis B vaccine vs a single-antigen hepatitis B vaccine. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4:e2128652.
  29. Jackson S, et al; HBV-23 Study Group. Immunogenicity of a two-dose investigational hepatitis B vaccine, HBsAg-1018, using a toll-like receptor 9 agonist adjuvant compared with a licensed hepatitis B vaccine in adults. Vaccine. 2018;36:668-674.
  30. Heplisav-B (hepatitis B vaccine [recombinant], adjuvanted) [prescribing information]. Approved 2017.
  31. Hill HA, et al. Vaccination coverage among children aged 19–35 months -- United States, 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67:1123–1128.
  32. Wilson P, et al. Missed hepatitis B birth dose vaccine is a risk factor for incomplete vaccination at 18 and 24 months. J Infect. 2019;78:134-139.
  33. Smith BD, et al; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommendations for the identification of chronic hepatitis C virus infection among persons born during 1945-1965. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2012;61:1-32.
  34. World Health Organization (WHO). Hepatitis C. Published July 27, 2021. Accessed March 21, 2022. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-c
  35. Pericot-Valverde I, et al. Opioid use disorder and HCV (hepatitis C virus). In: Norton BL, ed. The Opioid Epidemic and Infectious Diseases. Elsevier;2020:77-96.
  36. Frenette CT, et al. A practical guideline for hepatocellular carcinoma screening in patients at risk. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes. 2019;3:302-310.
  37. Teshale EH, et al. Characteristics of persons treated for hepatitis C using national pharmacy claims data, United States, 2014–2020, Clin Infect Dis. 2022;ciac139.
  38. Falade-Nwulia O, et al. Understanding and addressing hepatitis C reinfection in the oral direct-acting antiviral era. J Viral Hepat. 2018;25:220-227.
  39. Kattakuzhy S, et al; ASCEND Providers. Expansion of Treatment for Hepatitis C virus infection by task shifting to community-based nonspecialist providers: a nonrandomized clinical trial. Ann Intern Med. 2017;167:311-318.
  40. Toy M, et al. Cost-effectiveness of 1-time universal screening for chronic hepatitis B infection in adults in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2022;74:210-217.
  41. Harris AM, et al. Community-based services to improve testing and linkage to care among non-U.S.-born persons with chronic hepatitis B virus infection - three U.S. programs, October 2014-September 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67:541-546.
  42. Kim HS, et al. Awareness of chronic viral hepatitis in the United States: An update from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Viral Hepat. 2019;26:596-602.
  43. Coyle C, et al. The hepatitis C virus care continuum: linkage to hepatitis C virus care and treatment among patients at an urban health network, Philadelphia, PA. Hepatology. 2019;70:476-486.
  44. Haley DF, et al. Direct-acting antiviral hepatitis C treatment cascade and barriers to treatment initiation among US men and women with and without HIV. J Infect Dis. 2021;223:2136-2144.
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