Liljesthröm M, Pignolo RJ, Kaplan FS. Epidemiology of the global fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) community. J Rare Dis Res Treat. 2020;5:31-36.
Pignolo RJ, Shore EM, Kaplan FS. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: diagnosis, management, and therapeutic horizons. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2013;10(suppl 2):437-448.
Pignolo RJ, Shore EM, Kaplan KS. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: clinical and genetic aspects. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2011;6:80.
Pignolo RJ, Bedford-Gay C, Liljesthröm M, et al. The natural history of flare-ups in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP): a comprehensive global assessment. J Bone Min Res. 2016;31:650-656.
Kaplan FS, Al Mukaddam M, Pignolo RJ. A Cumulative Analogue Joint Involvement Scale (CAJIS) for fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP). Bone. 2017;101:123-128.
Kaplan FS, Zasloff MA, Kitterman JA, et al. Early mortality and cardiorespiratory failure in patients with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010;92:686-691.
Park KT, Chang D-Y, Sung M-W. Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis. Correction in: Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol.2010 Sep;3:176. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;3:102-106.
Kitterman JA, Kantanie S, Rocke DM, et al. Iatrogenic harm caused by diagnostic errors in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. Pediatrics. 2005;116:e654-661.
International Clinical Council on FOP (ICC). The medical management of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: current treatment considerations. Updated January 2020. Accessed October 28, 2020. https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/ifopa/pages/212/attachments/original/1584543455/FOP_TREATMENT_GUIDELINES_March2020.pdf?1584543455
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Kaplan FS, Xu M, Seemann P, et al. Classic and atypical fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) phenotypes are caused by mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type 1 receptor ACRVR1. Hum Mutat. 2009;30:379-390.
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Faculty

Robert J. Pignolo, MD, PhD

Chair
Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology
Robert and Arlene Kogod Professor of Geriatric Medicine
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Rochester, Minnesota

Disclosures

Disclosure: Robert J. Pignolo, MD, PhD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Received grants for clinical research from: Clementia Pharmaceuticals; Ipsen; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Editor

Walid Amara, MD

Medical Education Director, WebMD Global, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Walid Amara, MD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships: Served as an advisor or consultant for: Biotronix; Servier. Served as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Bayer HealthCare; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Boston Scientific; Bristol Myers Squibb Company; LivaNova; Meda; Medtronic, Inc.; Merck Sharp & Dohme; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; Pfizer Inc.; PHYSIOMED; St. Jude, Servier

Content Reviewer

Robert Morris, PharmD

Associate Director, Accreditation and Compliance

Disclosures

Disclosure: Robert Morris, PharmD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: ViiV Healthcare
Owns stock, stock options, or bonds from: GlaxoSmithKline

Peer Reviewer

This activity has been peer reviewed and the reviewer has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

CPD

Soft-tissue Swellings and Malformed Great Toes: What’s the Diagnosis?

Authors: Robert J. Pignolo, MD, PhD
CPD Released: 6/11/2021
THIS ACTIVITY HAS EXPIRED FOR CREDIT
Valid for credit through: 6/11/2022, 11:59 PM EST

Start Activity

Target Audience and Goal Statement

This educational activity is intended for an international audience of non-US pediatricians, orthopedists and orthopedic surgeons, and hematology and oncology specialists.

The goal of this activity is to improve confidence in recognizing the signs and symptoms of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) and in confirming the diagnosis.

Upon completion of this activity, participants will:

Have increased knowledge regarding the
- Consequences of an FOP misdiagnosis
Have greater competence related to
- Recognizing characteristics indicative of FOP
- Differential diagnosing of FOP

Disclosures

Faculty

Robert J. Pignolo, MD, PhD

Chair
Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology
Robert and Arlene Kogod Professor of Geriatric Medicine
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Rochester, Minnesota

Disclosures

Disclosure: Robert J. Pignolo, MD, PhD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Received grants for clinical research from: Clementia Pharmaceuticals; Ipsen; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Editor

Walid Amara, MD

Medical Education Director, WebMD Global, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Walid Amara, MD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships: Served as an advisor or consultant for: Biotronix; Servier. Served as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Bayer HealthCare; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Boston Scientific; Bristol Myers Squibb Company; LivaNova; Meda; Medtronic, Inc.; Merck Sharp & Dohme; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; Pfizer Inc.; PHYSIOMED; St. Jude, Servier

Content Reviewer

Robert Morris, PharmD

Associate Director, Accreditation and Compliance

Disclosures

Disclosure: Robert Morris, PharmD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: ViiV Healthcare
Owns stock, stock options, or bonds from: GlaxoSmithKline

Peer Reviewer

This activity has been peer reviewed and the reviewer has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Accreditation Statements

For Physicians

The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Medicine of the Royal Colleges of Physicians of the United Kingdom (FPM) has reviewed and approved the content of this educational activity and allocated it 1.0 continuing professional development credits (CPD).

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Read the information provided on the title page regarding the target audience, learning objectives, and author disclosures, read and study the activity content and then complete the post-test questions. If you earn a passing score on the post-test and we have determined based on your registration profile that you may be eligible to claim CPD credit for completing this activity, we will issue you a CPD credit certificate.
Once your CPD credit certificate has been issued, you may view and print the certificate from your CME/CE Tracker. CPD credits will be tallied in your CME/CE Tracker and archived for 6 years; at any point within this time period you can print out the tally as well as the certificates by accessing "Edit Your Profile" at the top of the Medscape Education homepage.

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The following cases are modeled on the interactive grand rounds approach. The questions within the activity are designed to test your current knowledge. After each question, you will be able to see whether you answered correctly and read evidence-based information that supports the most appropriate answer choice. The questions are designed to challenge you; you will not be penalized for answering the questions incorrectly. At the end of the activity, there will be a short post-test assessment based on the material presented.

Clinical Case 1: Patient History

Andrea is seven years old. She presents to her pediatrician with a painful, tumor-like soft tissue swelling on her upper back. Her mother reports that this is the second time Andrea has experienced soft tissue swelling. Another swollen area appeared on Andrea’s neck two weeks ago and has since disappeared. All the swellings are warm to the touch. Andrea’s mother tells the pediatrician that these swellings come on suddenly. She expresses concern that these are signs of cancer.

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The educational activity presented above may involve simulated case-based scenarios. The patients depicted in these scenarios are fictitious and no association with any actual patient is intended or should be inferred.

The material presented here does not necessarily reflect the views of WebMD Global, LLC or companies that support educational programming on medscape.org. A qualified healthcare professional should be consulted before using any therapeutic product discussed. Readers should verify all information and data before treating patients or employing any therapies described in this educational activity.

References

Faculty and Disclosures

Faculty

Robert J. Pignolo, MD, PhD

Editor

Walid Amara, MD

Content Reviewer

Robert Morris, PharmD

Peer Reviewer

CPD

Soft-tissue Swellings and Malformed Great Toes: What’s the Diagnosis?

Target Audience and Goal Statement

Disclosures

Faculty

Robert J. Pignolo, MD, PhD

Editor

Walid Amara, MD

Content Reviewer

Robert Morris, PharmD

Peer Reviewer

Accreditation Statements

For Physicians

Instructions for Participation and Credit

Soft-tissue Swellings and Malformed Great Toes: What’s the Diagnosis?

Clinical Case 1: Patient History