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Foster C, Ayers S, Fidler S. Antiretroviral adherence for adolescents growing up with HIV: understanding real life, drug delivery and forgiveness. Ther Adv Infect Dis. 2020;7:2049936120920177.
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WebMD Global requires each individual who is in a position to control the content of one of its educational activities to disclose any relevant financial relationships occurring within the past 12 months that could create a conflict of interest.

Faculty

Maile Young Karris, MD

Associate Professor of Medicine
University of California San Diego
San Diego, California, United States

Disclosures

Disclosure: Maile Young Karris, MD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: ViiV Healthcare
Received grants for clinical research from: Gilead Sciences, Inc.; ViiV Healthcare

Jurgen Rockstroh, MD

Professor of Medicine
Head of HIV Outpatient Clinic
University of Bonn
Bonn, Germany

Disclosures

Disclosure: Jurgen Rockstroh, MD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: Abivax; Galapagos; Gilead Sciences, Inc.; Merck & Co., Inc.; NPO Pertrovax Pharm LLC; ViiV Healthcare
Served as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Gilead Sciences, Inc.; Merck & Co., Inc; ViiV Healthcare

Clíona Ní Cheallaigh, MB, BAO, BCh, MRCP, PhD

Associate Professor Consultant
Department of Clinical Medicine
Trinity College
Dublin, Ireland

Disclosures

Disclosure: Clíona Ní Cheallaigh, MB, BAO, BCh, MRCP, PhD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: GlaxoSmithKline
Served as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: GlaxoSmithKline

Editors

Shanthi Voorn, PhD

Medical Education Director, WebMD Global, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Shanthi Voorn, PhD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Jenny Engelmoer, PhD

Scientific Content Manager, WebMD Global, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Jenny Engelmoer, PhD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Content Reviewer

Hazel Dennison, DNP, RN, FNP-BC, CHCP, CPHQ, CNE

Associate Director, Accreditation and Compliance, Medscape, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Hazel Dennison, DNP, RN, FNP-BC, CHCP, CPHQ, CNE, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Medscape, LLC staff have disclosed that they have no relevant financial relationships.

Peer Reviewer

This activity has been peer reviewed and the reviewer has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

CPD

People Living With HIV: Stifled by Stigma and Impact on Health Outcomes

Authors: Maile Young Karris, MD; Jurgen Rockstroh, MD; Clíona Ní Cheallaigh, MB, BAO, BCh, MRCP, PhD
CPD Released: 4/6/2021; Reviewed and Renewed: 4/6/2022
THIS ACTIVITY HAS EXPIRED FOR CREDIT
Valid for credit through: 4/6/2023, 11:59 PM EST

Start Activity

Target Audience and Goal Statement

This educational activity is intended for an international audience of non-US HIV specialists, public health & preventive medicine specialists, and primary care physicians.

The goal of this activity is to inform clinicians regarding the relationship among stigma, stress, poor cognitive function, and reduced immune responses in people living with HIV (PLWH).

Upon completion of this activity, participants will:

Have increased knowledge regarding the
- Impact of stress, depression, and stigma on the immune system
- Levels and types of stigma aging PLWH experience
- Impact of stigma on health outcomes in PLWH

Disclosures

Faculty

Maile Young Karris, MD

Associate Professor of Medicine
University of California San Diego
San Diego, California, United States

Disclosures

Disclosure: Maile Young Karris, MD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: ViiV Healthcare
Received grants for clinical research from: Gilead Sciences, Inc.; ViiV Healthcare

Jurgen Rockstroh, MD

Professor of Medicine
Head of HIV Outpatient Clinic
University of Bonn
Bonn, Germany

Disclosures

Disclosure: Jurgen Rockstroh, MD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: Abivax; Galapagos; Gilead Sciences, Inc.; Merck & Co., Inc.; NPO Pertrovax Pharm LLC; ViiV Healthcare
Served as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Gilead Sciences, Inc.; Merck & Co., Inc; ViiV Healthcare

Clíona Ní Cheallaigh, MB, BAO, BCh, MRCP, PhD

Associate Professor Consultant
Department of Clinical Medicine
Trinity College
Dublin, Ireland

Disclosures

Disclosure: Clíona Ní Cheallaigh, MB, BAO, BCh, MRCP, PhD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: GlaxoSmithKline
Served as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: GlaxoSmithKline

Editors

Shanthi Voorn, PhD

Medical Education Director, WebMD Global, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Shanthi Voorn, PhD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Jenny Engelmoer, PhD

Scientific Content Manager, WebMD Global, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Jenny Engelmoer, PhD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Content Reviewer

Hazel Dennison, DNP, RN, FNP-BC, CHCP, CPHQ, CNE

Associate Director, Accreditation and Compliance, Medscape, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Hazel Dennison, DNP, RN, FNP-BC, CHCP, CPHQ, CNE, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Medscape, LLC staff have disclosed that they have no relevant financial relationships.

Peer Reviewer

This activity has been peer reviewed and the reviewer has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Accreditation Statements

For Physicians

The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Medicine of the Royal Colleges of Physicians of the United Kingdom (FPM) has reviewed and approved the content of this educational activity and allocated it 0.5 continuing professional development credits (CPD).

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From Medscape Education

CPD

People Living With HIV: Stifled by Stigma and Impact on Health Outcomes

Authors: Maile Young Karris, MD; Jurgen Rockstroh, MD; Clíona Ní Cheallaigh, MB, BAO, BCh, MRCP, PhDFaculty and Disclosures

THIS ACTIVITY HAS EXPIRED FOR CREDIT

CPD Released: 4/6/2021; Reviewed and Renewed: 4/6/2022

Valid for credit through: 4/6/2023, 11:59 PM EST

processing....

Educational Impact Challenge

The goal of this activity is to inform clinicians regarding the relationship among stigma, stress, poor cognitive function, and reduced immune responses in people living with HIV (PLWH).

Before you begin this activity, please assess your clinical knowledge by completing this brief survey. Answering these questions again after the activity will allow you to see what you learned and to compare your answers with those of your peers.

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Disclaimer

The educational activity presented above may involve simulated, case-based scenarios. The patients depicted in these scenarios are fictitious and no association with any actual patient, whether living or deceased, is intended or should be inferred. The material presented here does not necessarily reflect the views of WebMD Global, LLC, or any individuals or commercial entities that support companies that support educational programming on medscape.org. These materials may include discussion of therapeutic products that have not been authorized by the European Medicines Agency for use in Europe, off-label uses of authorized products, or data that were presented in abstract form. These data should be considered preliminary until published in a peer-reviewed journal. Readers should verify all information and data before treating patients or employing any therapies described in this or any educational activity. A qualified healthcare professional should be consulted before using any therapeutic product discussed herein.

References

Faculty and Disclosures

Faculty

Maile Young Karris, MD

Jurgen Rockstroh, MD ​

Clíona Ní Cheallaigh, MB, BAO, BCh, MRCP, PhD

Editors

Shanthi Voorn, PhD

Jenny Engelmoer, PhD

Content Reviewer

Hazel Dennison, DNP, RN, FNP-BC, CHCP, CPHQ, CNE

Peer Reviewer

CPD

People Living With HIV: Stifled by Stigma and Impact on Health Outcomes

Target Audience and Goal Statement

Disclosures

Faculty

Maile Young Karris, MD

Jurgen Rockstroh, MD ​

Clíona Ní Cheallaigh, MB, BAO, BCh, MRCP, PhD

Editors

Shanthi Voorn, PhD

Jenny Engelmoer, PhD

Content Reviewer

Hazel Dennison, DNP, RN, FNP-BC, CHCP, CPHQ, CNE

Peer Reviewer

Accreditation Statements

For Physicians

Instructions for Participation and Credit

People Living With HIV: Stifled by Stigma and Impact on Health Outcomes

Educational Impact Challenge

Jurgen Rockstroh, MD

Jurgen Rockstroh, MD