Tuesday, May 30, 2023
| Characteristic | No. (%) |
|---|---|
| Age, y | |
| 18–24 | 284 (15.5) |
| 25–34 | 371 (20.2) |
| 35–44 | 346 (18.9) |
| 45–54 | 270 (14.7) |
| 55–64 | 312 (17.0) |
| ≥65 | 212 (11.6) |
| Unknown/missing | 38 (2.1) |
| Sex | |
| Male | 707 (38.6) |
| Female | 1,116 (60.9) |
| Unknown/missing | 10 (0.5) |
| Race/ethnicity | |
| White | 305 (16.6) |
| Black | 1,150 (62.7) |
| Hispanic | 311 (17.0) |
| Other | 40 (2.2) |
| Unknown/missing | 27 (1.5) |
| Education | |
| <High school graduate | 262 (14.3) |
| High school graduate | 478 (26.1) |
| Some college | 501 (27.3) |
| College graduate | 504 (27.5) |
| Unknown/missing | 88 (4.8) |
| Has health insurance | |
| Yes | 1,440 (78.6) |
| No | 363 (19.8) |
| Unknown/missing | 30 (1.6) |
| Has a personal physician | |
| Yes | 1,259 (68.7) |
| No | 473 (25.8) |
| Not sure/refused | 2 (0.1) |
| Unknown/missing | 99 (5.4) |
Table 1. Demographic Characteristics of Adults Participating in the Arkansas Minority Barber & Beauty Shop Health Initiative (N = 1,833), Arkansas, 2016–2019
| Result | No. (%) |
|---|---|
| Blood pressure | |
| Hypotension (90 mm Hg/<60 mm Hg) | 5 (0.3) |
| Normal (91–120 mm Hg/61–80 mm Hg) | 524 (28.6) |
| Prehypertension (121–139 mm Hg/81–89 mm Hg) | 643 (35.1) |
| Stage 1 hypertension (140–159 mm Hg/90–99 mm Hg) | 405 (22.1) |
| Stage 2 hypertension (160–179 mm Hg/100–109 mm Hg) | 173 (9.4) |
| Critical hypertension (≥180 mm Hg/≥110 mm Hg) | 61 (3.3) |
| Unknown/missing | 22 (1.2) |
| Cholesterol | |
| Hypocholesterolemia (0–49 mg/dL) | 0 |
| Normal (50–200 mg/dL) | 1,324 (72.2) |
| Borderline (201–239 mg/dL) | 238 (13.0) |
| High (≥240 mg/dL) | 118 (6.4) |
| Unknown/missing | 153 (8.3) |
| Blood glucose | |
| Low (0–70 mg/dL) | 69 (3.8) |
| Normal (71–140 mg/dL) | 1,470 (80.2) |
| Prediabetes (141–200 mg/dL) | 113 (6.2) |
| Diabetes (≥201 mg/dL) | 100 (5.5) |
| Unknown/missing | 81 (4.4) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | |
| Underweight (<18.5) | 0 |
| Normal (18.5-24.9) | 352 (19.2) |
| Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 497 (27.1) |
| Obese (≥30.0) | 901 (49.2) |
| Unknown/missing | 83 (4.5) |
Table 2. Screening and Referral Results of Adults Participating in the Arkansas Minority Barber & Beauty Shop Health Initiative (N = 1,833), Arkansas, 2016–2019
| Question | Correct Answer | Pretest, % Correct | Posttest, % Correct | P Valuea | Percentage-Point Difference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Multiple Choice | |||||
| What should a normal blood pressure level be? | Top number <120 | 55.0 | 86.6 | <.001 | 31.5 |
| What should a normal blood pressure level be? | Bottom number <80 | 50.7 | 77.7 | <.001 | 27.0 |
| What is a normal total cholesterol level? | <200 | 44.6 | 87.9 | <.001 | 43.3 |
| If you thought someone was having a stroke or heart attack, what would be the first thing you should do? | Call 911 | 92.7 | 98.2 | <.001 | 5.6 |
| Average correct | — | 60.8 | 87.6 | — | 26.8 |
| True or False | |||||
| The following are some symptoms of a stroke | |||||
| Facial droop | True | 90.4 | 98.5 | <.001 | 8.1 |
| Slurred speech | True | 90.6 | 98.1 | <.001 | 7.5 |
| Weakness in arm or leg | True | 89.9 | 95.1 | <.001 | 5.2 |
| The following are some symptoms of a heart attack | |||||
| Chest pain | True | 94.1 | 97.4 | <.001 | 3.3 |
| Nausea/flu-like symptoms | True | 70.4 | 90.0 | <.001 | 19.6 |
| Neck, back, and jaw pain | True | 74.6 | 90.0 | <.001 | 15.5 |
| Shortness of breath | True | 93.4 | 95.9 | <.001 | 2.5 |
| Average correct | — | 86.2 | 95.0 | — | 8.8 |
| All | |||||
| Overall average correct | — | 76.9 | 92.3 | — | 15.4 |
Table 3. Knowledge Assessment Results of Adults Participating in the Arkansas Minority Barber & Beauty Shop Health Initiative (N = 1,833), Arkansas, 2016–2019
a Differences between pretest and posttest determined by χ2 test.
This activity is intended for primary care physicians and other physicians who provide health screenings and preventive care.
The goal of this activity is to assess the impact of community-based health screenings for Black and Latinx adults.
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What is already known on this topic?
Chronic diseases disproportionately affect racial/ethnic minority communities. Barber and beauty shops are recognized as viable locations to promote health and screen for chronic diseases.
What is added by this report?
This report describes screening for chronic health conditions at a barber and beauty shop–based screening program, the effect of a health education promotion campaign, and how medical referrals and participant follow-up can be integrated into screening initiatives that are based in barber and beauty shops.
What are the implications for public health practice?
Public health programs that seek to target racial/ethnic minority populations should meet people where they are in the community. Community-based health education and behavior modification are effective ways to decrease rates of chronic conditions among racial/ethnic minority populations.
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