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Table 1.  

  % (95% CI)
Characteristic Past 12 months drinking* Past 30 days drinking* Past 30 days binge drinking*
Overall 64.7 (62.1–67.3) 9.8 (8.5–11.1) 4.5 (3.7–5.4)
Age group (yrs)
<18 39.0 (27.3–52.1)
18–25 61.2 (58.0–64.3) 9.9 (7.9–12.2) 6.0 (4.5–8.1)
26–34 68.2 (64.2–72.0) 9.4 (7.6–11.5) 3.9 (2.9–5.3)
≥35 63.1 (55.5–70.1) 11.1 (7.3–16.6) §
Race/Ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic 74.9 (71.4–78.0) 9.9 (8.2–11.8) 4.0 (3.0–5.3)
Black, non-Hispanic 56.7 (51.0–62.3) 13.7 (9.8–18.9) 7.0 (4.6–10.9) §
Hispanic 48.0 (42.2–53.7) 7.0 (4.5–10.7) §
Other 52.9 (44.0–61.7) 8.4 (4.8–14.4)
Income §
<$20,000 50.5 (45.2–55.8) 9.7 (7.3–12.8) 6.3 (4.7–8.3)
$20,000–$74,999 61.6 (57.9–65.2) 8.7 (7.0–10.8) 3.9 (2.8–5.4)
≥$75,000 78.3 (74.0–82.1) 11.4 (9.2–14.0) 4.3 (3.0–6.0)
Marital status
Married 66.2 (62.2–70.0) 9.0 (7.3–11.0) 3.1 (2.2–4.3)
Not married 63.6 (59.9–67.1) 11.0 (9.1–13.3) 6.5 (5.0–8.4)
Education
≤High school 49.2 (45.3–53.0) 8.9 (6.9–11.4) 5.3 (3.8–7.6)
>High school 73.3 (70.0–76.3) 10.3 (8.8–12.0) 4.0 (3.1–5.2)
Employment
Full time 76.3 (73.1–79.1) 11.6 (9.7–13.9) 4.6 (3.4–6.2)
Part time 62.5 (57.2–67.5) 8.7 (5.8–12.8) 3.4 (1.9–6.2) §
Unemployed/Other** 53.5 (49.3–57.7) 8.3 (6.4–10.6) 4.8 (3.4–6.6)
Insurance
Medicaid 54.9 (51.3–58.5) 7.6 (6.0–9.5) 3.8 (2.8–5.0)
Private 73.9 (70.2–77.3) 10.6 (8.6–13.0) 4.0 (3.0–5.5)
Uninsured/Other†† 53.2 (46.2–60.1) 13.5 (9.4–18.9) 9.5 (5.7–15.4) §
Urban/Rural§§
Metropolitan 65.7 (61.6–69.5) 10.3 (8.4–12.7) 3.8 (2.7–5.4)
Micropolitan 64.5 (60.6–68.2) 9.3 (7.1–12.0) 4.9 (3.7–6.6)
Rural 61.0 (55.8–66.0) 8.3 (5.9–11.7) 6.3 (3.9–9.8) §
Trimester¶¶
First 76.1 (72.7–79.3) 19.6 (16.8–22.7) 10.5 (8.5–13.0)
Second or third 59.8 (56.5–63.1) 4.7 (3.5–6.4) 1.4 (0.9–2.1)

Table 1. Weighted prevalence of past 12 months and past 30 days drinking and past 30 days binge drinking in 3,006 pregnant females aged 12–44 years, by selected characteristics — National Survey on Drug Use and Health, United States, 2015–2018

Abbreviation: CI = confidence interval.
*Past 12 months use regardless of whether there was also past 30 days use; past 30 days drinking regardless of whether there was also past 30 days binge drinking; binge drinking = consuming four or more drinks on at least one occasion in the past 30 days.
Estimates are not presented because the relative standard error was >30%.
§Estimate might be unstable because the relative standard error is 20%–30%.
The age group <18 years was omitted for income, marital status, education, and employment.
**Other = those not in the labor force.
††Other insurance not otherwise specified.
§§https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/rural-urban-continuum-codes.
¶¶Overall, 1.3% of females reported an unknown trimester of pregnancy and were not included in the table.

Table 2.  

  % (95% CI)
Substance use pattern Past 12 months drinking Past 30 days (current) drinking
All pregnant females (N = 3,006*)
Any alcohol use 64.7 (62.1–67.3) 9.8 (8.5–11.1)
Alcohol use only 37.7 (35.7–39.7) 6.0 (5.0–7.2)
Alcohol and ≥1 additional substance 27.0 (25.1–29.0) 3.7 (2.9–4.7)
Other substances used§
Tobacco 19.6 (18.0–21.3) 2.7 (2.1–3.6)
Marijuana 14.2 (12.3–16.3) 2.0 (1.4–2.8)
Opioids** 4.5 (3.5–5.8) ††
Other†† 6.2 (5.0–7.7) ††
Pregnant females who drank in the past 12 months (n = 1,851*) or in the past 30 days (n = 282*)
Alcohol use only 58.3 (56.0–60.6) 61.8 (53.9–69.2)
Alcohol and ≥1 additional substance 41.7 (39.4–44.0) 38.2 (30.8–46.1)
Other substances used§
Tobacco 30.3 (28.0–32.8) 28.1 (21.7–35.6)
Marijuana 21.9 (19.0–25.0) 20.6 (14.5–28.3)
Opioids** 7.0 (5.5–8.9) ††
Other§§ 9.76 (7.8–11.8) ††

Table 2. Weighted prevalence of substance use patterns (past 12 months and past 30 days) in pregnant females aged 12–44 years (N = 3,006*) who drank alcohol in the past 12 months (n = 1,851*) or the past 30 days (n = 282*) — National Survey on Drug Use and Health, United States, 2015–2018

Abbreviation: CI = confidence interval.
*Unweighted.
Past 12 months use, regardless of whether there was also drinking in the past 30 days (current drinking).
§Not mutually exclusive.
Includes cigarettes, cigars, or smokeless tobacco.
**Includes prescription pain reliever misuse and heroin use.
††Estimates are not presented because the relative standard error was >30%.
§§Includes use of cocaine, hallucinogens, inhalants, methamphetamines, and the misuse of sedatives, stimulants, and tranquilizers.

CME / CE

Alcohol Use and Co-Use of Other Substances Among Pregnant Females Aged 12–44 Years — United States, 2015–2018

  • Authors: Lucinda J. England, MD; Carolyne Bennett, MPH; Clark H. Denny, PhD; Margaret A. Honein, PhD; Suzanne M. Gilboa, PhD; Shin Y. Kim, MPH; Gery P. Guy Jr., PhD; Emmy L. Tran, PharmD; Charles E. Rose, PhD; Michele K. Bohm, MPH; Coleen A. Boyle, PhD
  • CME / CE Released: 11/6/2020
  • THIS ACTIVITY HAS EXPIRED FOR CREDIT
  • Valid for credit through: 11/6/2021, 11:59 PM EST
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Target Audience and Goal Statement

This activity is intended for obstetricians, gynecologists, family practitioners, public health officials, alcohol and substance abuse clinicians, and other clinicians caring for pregnant women who may be using alcohol and/or other substances.

The goal of this activity is to describe use of alcohol and other substances during pregnancy, according to 2015-2018 data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Upon completion of this activity, participants will be able to:

  1. Describe overall and trimester-specific prevalence of self-reported drinking (current, binge, and overall and by trimester) in the past 12 months, among pregnant females aged 12–44 years, according to 2015–2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) data
  2. Determine co-use of other substances (current and past 12 month) among pregnant females aged 12–44 years, according to 2015–2018 NSDUH data
  3. Identify clinical and public health implications of use of alcohol and other substances during pregnancy, according to 2015–2018 NSDUH data


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Faculty

  • Lucinda J. England, MD

    Division of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders
    National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities
    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
    Atlanta, Georgia

    Disclosures

    Disclosure: Lucinda J. England, MD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

  • Carolyne Bennett, MPH

    Division of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders
    National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities
    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
    Atlanta, Georgia
    Eagle Global Scientific, LLC
    San Antonio, Texas

    Disclosures

    Disclosure: Carolyne Bennett, MPH, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

  • Clark H. Denny, PhD

    Division of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders
    National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities
    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
    Atlanta, Georgia

    Disclosures

    Disclosure: Clark H. Denny, PhD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

  • Margaret A. Honein, PhD

    Division of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders
    National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities
    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
    Atlanta, Georgia

    Disclosures

    Disclosure: Margaret A. Honein, PhD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

  • Suzanne M. Gilboa, PhD

    Division of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders
    National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities
    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
    Atlanta, Georgia

    Disclosures

    Disclosure: Suzanne M. Gilboa, PhD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

  • Shin Y. Kim, MPH

    Division of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders
    National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities
    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
    Atlanta, Georgia

    Disclosures

    Disclosure: Shin Y. Kim, MPH, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

  • Gery P. Guy Jr., PhD

    Division of Overdose Prevention
    National Center for Injury Prevention and Control
    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
    Atlanta, Georgia

    Disclosures

    Disclosure: Gery P. Guy Jr., PhD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

  • Emmy L. Tran, PharmD

    Division of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders
    National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities
    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
    Atlanta, Georgia
    Eagle Global Scientific, LLC
    San Antonio, Texas

    Disclosures

    Disclosure: Emmy L. Tran, PharmD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

  • Charles E. Rose, PhD

    Office of the Director
    National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities
    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
    Atlanta, Georgia

    Disclosures

    Disclosure: Charles E. Rose, PhD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

  • Michele K. Bohm, MPH

    Division of Population Health
    National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
    Atlanta, Georgia

    Disclosures

    Disclosure: Michele K. Bohm, MPH, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

  • Coleen A. Boyle, PhD

    Office of the Director
    National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities
    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
    Atlanta, Georgia

    Disclosures

    Disclosure: Coleen A. Boyle, PhD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

CME Author

  • Laurie Barclay, MD

    Freelance writer and reviewer
    Medscape, LLC

    Disclosures

    Disclosure: Laurie Barclay, MD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

CME Reviewer

  • Esther Nyarko, PharmD

    Associate Director, Accreditation and Compliance
    Medscape, LLC

    Disclosures

    Disclosure: Esther Nyarko, PharmD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Nurse Planner

  • Stephanie Corder, ND, RN, CHCP

    Associate Director, Accreditation and Compliance
    Medscape, LLC

    Disclosures

    Disclosure: Stephanie Corder, ND, RN, CHCP, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Medscape, LLC staff have disclosed that they have no relevant financial relationships.


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CME / CE

Alcohol Use and Co-Use of Other Substances Among Pregnant Females Aged 12–44 Years — United States, 2015–2018

Authors: Lucinda J. England, MD; Carolyne Bennett, MPH; Clark H. Denny, PhD; Margaret A. Honein, PhD; Suzanne M. Gilboa, PhD; Shin Y. Kim, MPH; Gery P. Guy Jr., PhD; Emmy L. Tran, PharmD; Charles E. Rose, PhD; Michele K. Bohm, MPH; Coleen A. Boyle, PhDFaculty and Disclosures
THIS ACTIVITY HAS EXPIRED FOR CREDIT

CME / CE Released: 11/6/2020

Valid for credit through: 11/6/2021, 11:59 PM EST

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Summary

What is already known about this topic?

Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can cause miscarriage, stillbirth, and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders; however, approximately one in nine pregnant females report current drinking. Little is known about the co-use of other substances by females who drink during pregnancy.

What is added by this report?

Pregnant respondents in the first trimester reported higher current alcohol use than respondents in the second or third trimester. Among first trimester respondents, 19.6% reported current alcohol use and 10.5% reported binge drinking; among second or third trimester respondents, current drinking and binge drinking were reported by 4.7% and 1.4%, respectively. Approximately 40% of pregnant females reporting current drinking also reported current use of other substances.

What are the implications for public health?

Co-use of other substances is common among females who drink alcohol during pregnancy. Screening and interventions for alcohol and other substances in pregnancy could improve the health of mothers and their children.