Allavena C, Hanf M, Rey D, et al. Antiretroviral exposure and comorbidities in an aging HIV-infected population: the challenge of geriatric patients. PLoS One. 2018;13:e0203895.
Beers MH, Ouslander JG, Rollingher I, et al. Explicit criteria for determining inappropriate medication use in nursing home residents. UCLA Division of Geriatric Medicine. Arch Intern Med. 1991;151:1825-1832.
Braun HM, Candelario J, Hanlon CL, et al. Transgender women living with HIV frequently take antiretroviral therapy and/or feminizing hormone therapy differently than prescribed due to drug-drug interaction concerns. LGBT Health. 2017;4:371-375.
Demessine L, Peyro-Saint-Paul L, Gardner EM, et al. Risk and cost associated with drug-drug interactions among aging HIV patients receiving combined antiretroviral therapy in France. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2019;6:ofz051.
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Gagliano-Jucá T, Basaria S. Testosterone replacement therapy and cardiovascular risk. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2019;16:555-574.
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Guaraldi G, Malagoli A, Calcagno A, et al. The increasing burden and complexity of multi-morbidity and polypharmacy in geriatric HIV patients: a cross sectional study of people aged 65 - 74 years and more than 75 years. BMC Geriatr. 2018;18:99.
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López-Centeno B, Badenes-Olmedo C, Mataix-Sanjuan Á, et al. Polypharmacy and drug-drug interactions in people living with human immunodeficiency virus in the region of Madrid, Spain: a population-based study. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71:353-362.
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Faculty

David Back, PhD

Emeritus Professor of Pharmacology
Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology
University of Liverpool
Liverpool, United Kingdom

Disclosures

Disclosure: David Back, PhD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: Gilead Sciences, Inc.; Merck & Co., Inc.; ViiV Healthcare
Served as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Gilead Sciences, Inc.; Merck & Co., Inc.; ViiV Healthcare
Received grants for clinical research from: AbbVie Inc.; Gilead Sciences, Inc.; Janssen Pharmaceuticals; Merck & Co., Inc.; ViiV Healthcare

Esteban Martinez, MD, PhD

Associate Professor of Medicine
University of Barcelona
Barcelona, Spain

Disclosures

Disclosure: Esteban Martinez, MD, PhD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: Gilead Sciences, Inc.; Janssen Pharmaceuticals; Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp; ViiV Healthcare
Received grants for clinical research from: Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp; ViiV Healthcare

Editors

Shanthi Voorn, PhD

Medical Education Director, WebMD Global, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Shanthi Voorn, PhD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Zach Hartman, PhD

Scientific Content Manager, Medscape, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Zach Hartman, PhD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Content Reviewer

Esther Nyarko, PharmD

Associate Director, Accreditation and Compliance

Disclosures

Disclosure: Esther Nyarko, PharmD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Stephanie Corder, ND, RN, CHCP

Associate Director, Accreditation and Compliance

Disclosures

Disclosure: Stephanie Corder, ND, RN, CHCP, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships

Peer Reviewer
This activity has been peer reviewed and the reviewer has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

CPD

Demystifying Drug-Drug Interactions in Today's PLWHIV

Authors: David Back, PhD; Esteban Martinez, MD, PhD
CPD Released: 9/2/2020; Reviewed and Renewed: 2/9/2022
THIS ACTIVITY HAS EXPIRED FOR CREDIT
Valid for credit through: 2/9/2023, 11:59 PM EST

Start Activity

Target Audience and Goal Statement

This educational activity is intended for an international audience of non-US infectious disease specialists and primary care physicians.

The goal of this activity is to improve knowledge of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWHIV).

Upon completion of this activity, participants will:

Have increased knowledge regarding
- Challenges and risks of DDIs in PLWHIV
- Common DDI interactions in aging PLWHIV
Have increased confidence regarding
- The management of comorbidities and DDIs in aging patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Disclosures

Faculty

David Back, PhD

Emeritus Professor of Pharmacology
Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology
University of Liverpool
Liverpool, United Kingdom

Disclosures

Disclosure: David Back, PhD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: Gilead Sciences, Inc.; Merck & Co., Inc.; ViiV Healthcare
Served as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Gilead Sciences, Inc.; Merck & Co., Inc.; ViiV Healthcare
Received grants for clinical research from: AbbVie Inc.; Gilead Sciences, Inc.; Janssen Pharmaceuticals; Merck & Co., Inc.; ViiV Healthcare

Esteban Martinez, MD, PhD

Associate Professor of Medicine
University of Barcelona
Barcelona, Spain

Disclosures

Disclosure: Esteban Martinez, MD, PhD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: Gilead Sciences, Inc.; Janssen Pharmaceuticals; Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp; ViiV Healthcare
Received grants for clinical research from: Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp; ViiV Healthcare

Editors

Shanthi Voorn, PhD

Medical Education Director, WebMD Global, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Shanthi Voorn, PhD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Zach Hartman, PhD

Scientific Content Manager, Medscape, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Zach Hartman, PhD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Content Reviewer

Esther Nyarko, PharmD

Associate Director, Accreditation and Compliance

Disclosures

Disclosure: Esther Nyarko, PharmD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Stephanie Corder, ND, RN, CHCP

Associate Director, Accreditation and Compliance

Disclosures

Disclosure: Stephanie Corder, ND, RN, CHCP, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships

Peer Reviewer
This activity has been peer reviewed and the reviewer has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Accreditation Statements

For Physicians

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From Medscape Education

CPD

Demystifying Drug-Drug Interactions in Today's PLWHIV

Authors: David Back, PhD; Esteban Martinez, MD, PhDFaculty and Disclosures

THIS ACTIVITY HAS EXPIRED FOR CREDIT

CPD Released: 9/2/2020; Reviewed and Renewed: 2/9/2022

Valid for credit through: 2/9/2023, 11:59 PM EST

processing....

Abbreviations

3TC = lamivudine
ABC = abacavir
ART = antiretroviral therapy
ARV =
ATV = atazanavir
BIC = bictegravir
CAB = cabotegravir
CKD = chronic kidney disease
CNS = central nervous system
cobi = cobicistat
COX2 = cyclooxygenase-2
CVD = cardiovascular disease
d4T = stavudine
ddI = didanosine
DDI = drug-drug interaction
DOR = doravirine
DRV = darunavir
DTG = dolutegravir
EACS = European AIDS Clinical Society
EFV = efavirenz
ETV = entecavir
EVG = elvitegravir
EVG/c = elvitegravir-cobicistat
FPV = fosamprenavir
FTC = emtricitabine
HIV = human immunodeficiency virus
HTN = hypertension
IAS = International AIDS Society
INSTI = integrase strand transfer inhibitor
IQR = interquartile range
IVR =
LPV = lopinavir
MRI = magnetic resonance imaging
MVC = maraviroc
NVP = nevirapine
P. jiroveci = Pneumocystis jiroveci
PI = protease inhibitor
PK = pharmacokinetics
PLWHIV = people living with human immunodeficiency virus
r = ritonavir
RAL = raltegravir
RPV = rilpivirine
SD = standard deviation
SQV = saquinavir
STOPP = Screening Tool of Older Persons' Prescriptions
TAF = tenofovir alafenamide
TB = tuberculosis
TDF = tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
TPV = tipranavir
ZDV = zidovudine

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References

Faculty and Disclosures

Faculty

David Back, PhD

Esteban Martinez, MD, PhD

Editors

Shanthi Voorn, PhD

Zach Hartman, PhD

Content Reviewer

Esther Nyarko, PharmD

Stephanie Corder, ND, RN, CHCP

CPD

Demystifying Drug-Drug Interactions in Today's PLWHIV

Target Audience and Goal Statement

Disclosures

Faculty

David Back, PhD

Esteban Martinez, MD, PhD

Editors

Shanthi Voorn, PhD

Zach Hartman, PhD

Content Reviewer

Esther Nyarko, PharmD

Stephanie Corder, ND, RN, CHCP

Accreditation Statements

For Physicians

Instructions for Participation and Credit

Demystifying Drug-Drug Interactions in Today's PLWHIV

Abbreviations