Bakris GL, Pitt B, Weir MR, et al. Effect of patiromer on serum potassium level in patients with hyperkalemia and diabetic kidney disease: the AMETHYST-DN randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015;314:151-161.
Chronic kidney disease in adults: assessment and management. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) website. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg182. January 2015. Accessed December 12, 2019.
Clase CM, Carrero JJ, Ellison DH, et al. Potassium homeostasis and management of dyskalemia in kidney diseases: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) controversies conference. Kidney Int. 2019;pii:S0085-2538(19)31012-9.
Epstein M, Reaven NL, Funk SE, et al. Evaluation of the treatment gap between clinical guidelines and the utilization of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors. Am J Manag Care. 2015;21:S212-S220.
K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines on hypertension and antihypertensive agents in chronic kidney disease: Guideline 11: Use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers in CKD. National Kidney Foundation (NKF) Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) website. https://kidneyfoundation.cachefly.net/professionals/KDOQI/guidelines_bp/guide_11.htm. Accessed December 12, 2019.
Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI). K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines on hypertension and antihypertensive agents in chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 2004;43:S1-S290.
Kosiborod M, Rasmussen HS, Lavin P, et al. Effect of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate on potassium lowering for 28 days among outpatients with hyperkalemia: the HARMONIZE randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014;312:2223-2233.
Lindenfeld J, Albert NM, Boehmer JP, et al. Executive summary: HFSA 2010 comprehensive heart failure practice guideline. J Card Fail. 2010;16:475-539.
Lindenfeld J, Albert NM, Boehmer JP, et al. HFSA 2010 comprehensive heart failure practice guideline. J Card Fail. 2010;16:e1-e194.
Lokelma™ (sodium zirconium cyclosilicate) [prescribing information]. Wilmington, DE: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Approved 2018. Revised May 2018.
Palmer BF. Regulation of potassium homeostasis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015;10:1050-1060.
Ponikowski P, Voors A, Anker SD, et al. 2016 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC): developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur J Heart. 2016;37:2129-2200.
Raebel MA, Ross C, Xu S, et al. Diabetes and drug-associated hyperkalemia: effect of potassium monitoring. J Gen Intern Med. 2010;25:326-333.
Spinowitz BS, Fishbane S, Pergola PE, et al. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate among individuals with hyperkalemia: a 12-month phase 3 study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2019;14:798-809.
Umanath K, Lewis JB. Update on diabetic nephropathy: core curriculum 2018. Am J Kidney Dis. 2018;71:884-895.
Veltassa® (patiromer) [prescribing information]. Redwood City, CA: Relypsa, Inc.; Approved 2015. Revised May 2018.
Verma A, Bulwer B, Dhawan I, et al. Aldosterone receptor antagonist and heart failure following acute myocardial infarction. Acta Cardiol Sin. 2010;26:203-215.
Weir MR, Bakris GL, Bushinsky DA, et al. Patiromer in patients with kidney disease and hyperkalemia receiving RAAS inhibitors. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:211-221.
Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2013;128:e240-e327.
Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA focused update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Failure Society of America. Circulation. 2017;136:e137-e161.

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Faculty

Joanna Hudson, PharmD, BCPS, FASN, FCCP

Professor
The University of Tennessee Health Science Center
Departments of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science & Medicine (Nephrology)
Memphis, Tennessee

Disclosures

Disclosure: Joanna Hudson, PharmD, BCPS, FASN, FCCP, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Amgen

Editor

Roderick Smith, MS

Medical Education Director, Medscape, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Roderick Smith, MS, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

CE Reviewer

Robert Morris, PharmD

Associate Director, Accreditation and Compliance, Medscape, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Robert Morris, PharmD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: ViiV Healthcare
Owns stock, stock options, or bonds from: GlaxoSmithKline

Medscape, LLC staff have disclosed that they have no relevant financial relationships.

Peer Reviewer

This activity has been peer reviewed and the reviewer has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

CE

Pharmacist-Centric Strategies for Improving Hyperkalemia-Related Patient Outcomes

Authors: Joanna Hudson, PharmD, BCPS, FASN, FCCP
CE Released: 12/22/2019
THIS ACTIVITY HAS EXPIRED FOR CREDIT
Valid for credit through: 12/22/2020

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Target Audience and Goal Statement

This activity is intended for pharmacists interested in hyperkalemia management.

The goal of this activity is to improve pharmacists' understanding of the consequences associated with and strategies for effective management of chronic hyperkalemia.

Upon completion of this activity, participants will:

Have increased knowledge regarding the
- Challenges associated with the management of hyperkalemia
- New treatment options for managing hyperkalemia

Disclosures

Faculty

Joanna Hudson, PharmD, BCPS, FASN, FCCP

Professor
The University of Tennessee Health Science Center
Departments of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science & Medicine (Nephrology)
Memphis, Tennessee

Disclosures

Disclosure: Joanna Hudson, PharmD, BCPS, FASN, FCCP, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Amgen

Editor

Roderick Smith, MS

Medical Education Director, Medscape, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Roderick Smith, MS, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

CE Reviewer

Robert Morris, PharmD

Associate Director, Accreditation and Compliance, Medscape, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Robert Morris, PharmD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: ViiV Healthcare
Owns stock, stock options, or bonds from: GlaxoSmithKline

Medscape, LLC staff have disclosed that they have no relevant financial relationships.

Peer Reviewer

This activity has been peer reviewed and the reviewer has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

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From Medscape Education Nephrology

Pharmacist-Centric Strategies for Improving Hyperkalemia-Related Patient Outcomes

Authors: Joanna Hudson, PharmD, BCPS, FASN, FCCPFaculty and Disclosures

THIS ACTIVITY HAS EXPIRED FOR CREDIT

CE Released: 12/22/2019

Valid for credit through: 12/22/2020

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The educational activity presented above may involve simulated, case-based scenarios. The patients depicted in these scenarios are fictitious and no association with any actual patient, whether living or deceased, is intended or should be inferred. The material presented here does not necessarily reflect the views of Medscape, LLC, or any individuals or commercial entities that support companies that support educational programming on medscape.org. These materials may include discussion of therapeutic products that have not been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, off-label uses of approved products, or data that were presented in abstract form. These data should be considered preliminary until published in a peer-reviewed journal. Readers should verify all information and data before treating patients or employing any therapies described in this or any educational activity. A qualified healthcare professional should be consulted before using any therapeutic product discussed herein.

References

Faculty and Disclosures

Faculty

Joanna Hudson, PharmD, BCPS, FASN, FCCP

Editor

Roderick Smith, MS

CE Reviewer

Robert Morris, PharmD

CE

Pharmacist-Centric Strategies for Improving Hyperkalemia-Related Patient Outcomes

Target Audience and Goal Statement

Disclosures

Faculty

Joanna Hudson, PharmD, BCPS, FASN, FCCP

Editor

Roderick Smith, MS

CE Reviewer

Robert Morris, PharmD

Accreditation Statements

For Pharmacists

Instructions for Participation and Credit

Pharmacist-Centric Strategies for Improving Hyperkalemia-Related Patient Outcomes