American Academy of Ophthalmology. Dry eye syndrome. Preferred Practice Pattern®. 2019;126:P286-P334.
Behrens A, Doyle JJ, Stern L, et al. Dysfunctional tear syndrome: a Delphi approach to treatment recommendations. Cornea. 2006;25:900-907.
Baudouin C, Messmer EM, Aragona P, et al. Revisiting the vicious circle of dry eye disease: a focus on the pathophysiology of meibomian gland dysfunction. Br J Ophthalmol. 2016;100:300-306.
ClinicalTrials.gov. Assessment of the safety and efficacy of RGN-259 ophthalmic solutions for dry eye syndrome: ARISE-1. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02597803. Accessed August 19, 2019.
ClinicalTrials.gov. Assessment of the safety and efficacy of RGN-259 ophthalmic solutions for dry eye syndrome : ARISE-2. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02974907. Accessed August 19, 2019.
ClinicalTrials.gov. Clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of OC-01 (varenicline) nasal spray on signs and symptoms of dry eye disease (the ONSET-2 study). https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04036292. Accessed August 19, 2019.
ClinicalTrials.gov. A multi-center, randomized, double masked, parallel-group, vehicle-controlled, clinical study to assess the safety and efficacy of reproxalap ophthalmic solution in subjects with dry eye disease. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03404115. Accessed August 19, 2019.
ClinicalTrials.gov. Ocular tolerability of voclosporin ophthalmic solution versus Restasis® in subjects with dry eye disease. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03597139. Accessed August 19, 2019.
ClinicalTrials.gov. Study of TOP1630 for dry eye syndrome (THEIA-1). https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03833388. Accessed August 19, 2019.
Craig JP, Nichols KK, Akpek EK, et al. TFOS DEWS II definition and classification report. The Ocular Surface. 2017;15:276-283.
Cycle of dry eye inflammation. American Academy of Ophthalmology ONE® Network. https://www.aao.org/image/cycle-of-dry-eye-inflammation-2. Accessed August 16, 2019.
Lemp MA. Report of the National Eye Institute/Industry Workshop on clinical trials in dry eyes. CLAO J. 1995;21:221-232.
Lemp MA, Crews LA, Bron AJ, et al. Distribution of aqueous-deficient and evaporative dry eye in a clinic-based patient cohort: a retrospective study. Cornea. 2012;31:472-478.
Milner MS, Beckman KA, Luchs J, et al. Dysfunctional tear syndrome: dry eye disease and associated tear film disorders -- new strategies for diagnosis and treatment. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2017;27(suppl 1):3-47.
Nelson, JD, Craig, JP, Akpek, EK, et al, and the TFOS DEWS authors. TFOS DEWS II. The Ocular Surface. 2017;15:269-649,802-812.
Nichols KK, Foulks GN, Bron AJ, et al. The international workshop on meibomian gland dysfunction: executive summary. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52:1922-1929.
Ogasawara K, Mitsubayashi K, Tsuru T, et al. Electrical conductivity of tear fluid in healthy persons and keratoconjunctivitis sicca patients measured by a flexible conductimetric sensor. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1996;23:542-546
Sheppard JD, Torkildsen GL, Lonsdale JD, et al. Lifitegrast ophthalmic solution 5.0% for treatment of dry eye disease: results of the OPUS-1 phase 3 study. Ophthalmology. 2014;121:475-483.
Solomon A, Dursun D, Liu Z, et al. Pro- and anti-inflammatory forms of interleukin-1 in the tear fluid and conjunctiva of patients with dry-eye disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001;42:2283-2292.
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Stevenson W, Chauhan SK, Dana R. Dry eye disease: An immune-mediated ocular surface disorder. Arch Ophthalmol. 2012;130:90-100.
Willcox MDP, Argüeso P, Georgiev GA, et al. TFOS DEWS II Tear Film Report. Ocul Surf. 2017;15:366-403.
Zhao H, Jumblatt JE, Wood TO, et al. Quantification of MUC5AC protein in human tears. Cornea. 2001;20:873-877.

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Faculty

Kenneth A. Beckman, MD

Clinical Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology
The Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio
Director, Corneal Service
Comprehensive EyeCare of Central Ohio
Westerville, Ohio

Disclosures

Disclosure: Kenneth A. Beckman, MD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: Alcon Laboratories Corp.; Allergan, Inc.; Avedro; Bausch & Lomb Inc.; Bruder; Dompe; Eyepoint; Eyevance; Eyexpress; iCare; Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C.; Kala; Mallinckrodt; Novaliq; Ocular Science; Ocular Therapeutics; Omeros; Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd.; Refocus; Takeda Pharmaceuticals North America, Inc.; Tearlab; Zeiss
Served as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Alcon Laboratories Corp.; Allergan, Inc.; Avedro; Bausch & Lomb Inc.; Dompe; Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C.; Ocular Science; Refocus; Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd.; Takeda Pharmaceuticals North America, Inc.; Zeiss
Received grants for clinical research from: Avedro; iCare; Kala
Owns stock, stock options, or bonds from: Avedro; Eyexpress; Ocular Science; Rxsight

Mark S. Milner, MD

Associate Clinical Professor
Department of Ophthalmology
Yale University School of Medicine
Co-Medical Director
Precision LASIK Group
New Haven, Connecticut

Disclosures

Disclosure: Mark S. Milner, MD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: Allergan, Inc.; Avedro; Bausch & Lomb Inc.; Bio-Tissue; Dompé farmaceutici SpA; Eyevance Pharmaceuticals LLC; Kala Pharmaceuticals; Ocular Science®; Omeros Corporation; Shire; Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd.; Valeant Pharmaceuticals International
Served as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Allergan, Inc.; Avedro; Bausch & Lomb Inc.; Bio-Tissue; Dompé farmaceutici SpA; Eyevance Pharmaceuticals LLC; Ocular Science®; Shire; Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd.; TearScience; Valeant Pharmaceuticals International
Received grants for clinical research from: Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc.; Biotherapeutics, Inc.; EyeGate; Icare USA; Kala Pharmaceuticals
Owns stock, stock options, or bonds from: Eyevance Pharmaceuticals LLC; Percept Technologies; ReSearch Pharmaceutical Services

Editors

Pakinam Aboulsaoud, PharmD

Medical Education Director, Medscape, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Pakinam Aboulsaoud, PharmD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Yoji Yamaguchi, MA, ELS

Associate Scientific Content Manager, Medscape, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Yoji Yamaguchi, MA, ELS, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

CME Reviewer

Esther Nyarko, PharmD

Associate Director, Accreditation and Compliance
Medscape, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Esther Nyarko, PharmD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Peer Reviewer

This activity has been peer reviewed and the reviewer has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

CME / ABIM MOC

Focusing on Treatment Algorithms in Dysfunctional Tear Syndrome: The Experts Weigh In

Authors: Kenneth A. Beckman, MD; Mark S. Milner, MD
CME / ABIM MOC Released: 9/20/2019
THIS ACTIVITY HAS EXPIRED FOR CREDIT
Valid for credit through: 9/20/2020, 11:59 PM EST

Start Activity

Target Audience and Goal Statement

This activity is intended for ophthalmologists, allergists and clinical immunologists, and primary care physicians.

The goal of this activity is to enhance clinicians' knowledge of diagnosing and treating patients with dysfunctional tear syndrome (DTS).

Upon completion of this activity, participants will:

Have greater knowledge related to
- Selecting the appropriate diagnostic strategy to determine severity of DTS
- Choosing treatments for DTS based novel algorithms

Disclosures

Faculty

Kenneth A. Beckman, MD

Clinical Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology
The Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio
Director, Corneal Service
Comprehensive EyeCare of Central Ohio
Westerville, Ohio

Disclosures

Disclosure: Kenneth A. Beckman, MD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: Alcon Laboratories Corp.; Allergan, Inc.; Avedro; Bausch & Lomb Inc.; Bruder; Dompe; Eyepoint; Eyevance; Eyexpress; iCare; Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C.; Kala; Mallinckrodt; Novaliq; Ocular Science; Ocular Therapeutics; Omeros; Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd.; Refocus; Takeda Pharmaceuticals North America, Inc.; Tearlab; Zeiss
Served as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Alcon Laboratories Corp.; Allergan, Inc.; Avedro; Bausch & Lomb Inc.; Dompe; Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C.; Ocular Science; Refocus; Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd.; Takeda Pharmaceuticals North America, Inc.; Zeiss
Received grants for clinical research from: Avedro; iCare; Kala
Owns stock, stock options, or bonds from: Avedro; Eyexpress; Ocular Science; Rxsight

Mark S. Milner, MD

Associate Clinical Professor
Department of Ophthalmology
Yale University School of Medicine
Co-Medical Director
Precision LASIK Group
New Haven, Connecticut

Disclosures

Disclosure: Mark S. Milner, MD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: Allergan, Inc.; Avedro; Bausch & Lomb Inc.; Bio-Tissue; Dompé farmaceutici SpA; Eyevance Pharmaceuticals LLC; Kala Pharmaceuticals; Ocular Science®; Omeros Corporation; Shire; Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd.; Valeant Pharmaceuticals International
Served as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Allergan, Inc.; Avedro; Bausch & Lomb Inc.; Bio-Tissue; Dompé farmaceutici SpA; Eyevance Pharmaceuticals LLC; Ocular Science®; Shire; Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd.; TearScience; Valeant Pharmaceuticals International
Received grants for clinical research from: Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc.; Biotherapeutics, Inc.; EyeGate; Icare USA; Kala Pharmaceuticals
Owns stock, stock options, or bonds from: Eyevance Pharmaceuticals LLC; Percept Technologies; ReSearch Pharmaceutical Services

Editors

Pakinam Aboulsaoud, PharmD

Medical Education Director, Medscape, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Pakinam Aboulsaoud, PharmD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Yoji Yamaguchi, MA, ELS

Associate Scientific Content Manager, Medscape, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Yoji Yamaguchi, MA, ELS, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

CME Reviewer

Esther Nyarko, PharmD

Associate Director, Accreditation and Compliance
Medscape, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Esther Nyarko, PharmD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Peer Reviewer

This activity has been peer reviewed and the reviewer has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

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Successful completion of this CME activity, which includes participation in the evaluation component, enables the participant to earn up to 0.25 MOC points in the American Board of Internal Medicine's (ABIM) Maintenance of Certification (MOC) program. Participants will earn MOC points equivalent to the amount of CME credits claimed for the activity. It is the CME activity provider's responsibility to submit participant completion information to ACCME for the purpose of granting ABIM MOC credit. Aggregate participant data will be shared with commercial supporters of this activity.

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From Medscape Education Ophthalmology

CME / ABIM MOC

Focusing on Treatment Algorithms in Dysfunctional Tear Syndrome: The Experts Weigh In

Authors: Kenneth A. Beckman, MD; Mark S. Milner, MDFaculty and Disclosures

THIS ACTIVITY HAS EXPIRED FOR CREDIT

CME / ABIM MOC Released: 9/20/2019

Valid for credit through: 9/20/2020, 11:59 PM EST

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The educational activity presented above may involve simulated, case-based scenarios. The patients depicted in these scenarios are fictitious and no association with any actual patient, whether living or deceased, is intended or should be inferred. The material presented here does not necessarily reflect the views of Medscape, LLC, or any individuals or commercial entities that support companies that support educational programming on medscape.org. These materials may include discussion of therapeutic products that have not been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, off-label uses of approved products, or data that were presented in abstract form. These data should be considered preliminary until published in a peer-reviewed journal. Readers should verify all information and data before treating patients or employing any therapies described in this or any educational activity. A qualified healthcare professional should be consulted before using any therapeutic product discussed herein.

References

Faculty and Disclosures

Faculty

Kenneth A. Beckman, MD

Mark S. Milner, MD

Editors

Pakinam Aboulsaoud, PharmD

Yoji Yamaguchi, MA, ELS

CME Reviewer

Esther Nyarko, PharmD

Peer Reviewer

CME / ABIM MOC

Focusing on Treatment Algorithms in Dysfunctional Tear Syndrome: The Experts Weigh In

Target Audience and Goal Statement

Disclosures

Faculty

Kenneth A. Beckman, MD

Mark S. Milner, MD

Editors

Pakinam Aboulsaoud, PharmD

Yoji Yamaguchi, MA, ELS

CME Reviewer

Esther Nyarko, PharmD

Peer Reviewer

Accreditation Statements

For Physicians

Instructions for Participation and Credit

Focusing on Treatment Algorithms in Dysfunctional Tear Syndrome: The Experts Weigh In

Patient Handout

Educational Impact Challenge

PDF Downloads