Berry A, Busse WW. Biomarkers in asthmatic patients: has their time come to direct treatment? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;137:1317-1324.
CDC website. Most Recent National Asthma Data. https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/most_recent_national_asthma_data.htm. Updated May 2019. Accessed June 26, 2019.
Chung KF, Wenzel SE, Brozek JL, et al. International ERS/ATS guidelines on definition, evaluation and treatment of severe asthma. Eur Respir J. 2014;43:343-373.
Cinqair® (reslizumab) [prescribing information]. Frazer, PA: Teva Respiratory, LLC; Approved 2016. Revised January 2019.
Dupixent® (dupilumab) [prescribing information]. Bridgewater, NJ: Sanofi-Aventis U.S. LLC; Approved 2017. Revised June 2019.
Fasenra (benralizumab) [prescribing information]. Wilmington, DE: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Approved 2017. Revised November 2017.
Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. Global Initiative for Asthma website. https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/wms-GINA-2018-report-V1.3-002.pdf. Updated 2018. Accessed June 26, 2019.
Godar M, Blanchetot C, de Haard H, et al. Personalized medicine with biologics for severe type 2 asthma: current status and future prospects. MAbs. 2018;10:34-45.
Keller M, Kamp D. Severe asthma: the evolution of patient-directed management. Clin Pulm Med. 2014;21:1-8.
McDonald VM, Maltby S, Reddel HK, et al. Severe asthma: current management, targeted therapies and future directions--a roundtable report. Respirology. 2017;22:53-60.
National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. Expert Panel Report 3 (EPR-3): guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;120:S94-S138.
Nucala (mepolizumab) [prescribing information]. Philadelphia, PA: GlaxoSmithKline LLC; Approved 2015. Revised June 2019.
Price D, Bjermer L, Bergin DA, et al. Asthma referrals: a key component of asthma management that needs to be addressed. J Asthma Allergy. 2017;10:209-223.
Schatz M, Rosenwasser L. The allergic asthma phenotype. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2014;2:645-648.
Xolair® (omalizumab) [prescribing information]. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech, Inc; Approved 2003. Revised May 2019.

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Pursuant to the Code of Ethics for the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI) and the Standards for Commercial Support of Continuing Medical Education of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education, the AAAAI requires disclosure of certain information from faculty members of educational activities designated for CME credit by the AAAAI. Prior to the activity, authors and reviewers are required to disclose all relationships that meet the following parameters:

• Employment. Name of employer and job title.
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• Gifts. All organizations from which the faculty member or a member of his/her immediate family or household have received a gift of any amount in the last year.
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The information disclosed by the speakers and planning committee was reviewed in accordance with the AAAAI Disclosure Policy. All potential conflicts of interest were resolved by the planners, faculty, and reviewers prior to their participation in the development of this activity.

Faculty

William W. Busse, MD

Professor of Medicine
Division of Allergy and Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health
Madison, Wisconsin

Disclosures

Disclosure: William M. Busse, MD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Genentech, Inc.; GlaxoSmithKline; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Sanofi
Other: DSMB: Boston Scientific; Genentech, Inc.

Stuart Stoloff, MD

Clinical Professor of Family & Community Medicine
University of Nevada School of Medicine
Reno, Nevada

Disclosures

Disclosure: Stuart Stoloff, MD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Editors

Roderick Smith, MS

Medical Education Director, Medscape, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Roderick Smith, MS, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Anita A. Galdieri, RPh, PharmD

Senior Scientific Content Manager, Medscape, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Anita A. Galdieri, RPh, PharmD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Content Reviewers

Hazel Dennison, DNP, RN, FNP

Associate Director, Accreditation and Compliance, Medscape, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Hazel Dennison, DNP, RN, FNP, CPHQ, CNE, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Amy Bernard, MS, BSN, RN-BC, CHCP

Director, Accreditation and Compliance, Medscape, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Amy Bernard, MS, BSN, RN-BC, CHCP, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Content Reviewer, AAAAI

Steven Folstein, MEd

Director of Education, American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

Disclosures

Disclosure: Steven Folstein, MEd, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Peer Reviewer

Kevin Parks, MD FAAAAI
AAC/CRI of Southern Oregon, Medford, OR
Relevant relationships: None

CME

Foundations of Asthma: Exploring the Allergic Component of Management

Authors: William W. Busse, MD; Stuart Stoloff, MD
CME Released: 8/28/2019
THIS ACTIVITY HAS EXPIRED FOR CREDIT
Valid for credit through: 8/28/2020

Start Activity

Target Audience and Goal Statement

This activity is intended for allergists & clinical immunologists, primary care physicians (PCPs), and pulmonologists.

The goal of this activity is to increase clinicians' knowledge about the pathophysiology of allergic eosinophilic asthma and the role of primary care clinicians in managing patients with asthma.

Upon completion of this activity, participants will:

Have increased knowledge regarding the
- Establishment of allergic phenotype in patients with asthma
- Role of PCPs in the management of patients with allergic asthma

Disclosures

AAAAI Disclosure Policy

• Employment. Name of employer and job title.
• Financial interests. All organizations, other than the employer, from which the faculty member or a member of his/her immediate family or household receives annual remuneration in any amount (including grants, honoraria and consulting fees).
• Research interests. All organizations which support research projects for which the faculty member or member of his/her immediate family or household serves as an investigator.
• Legal Consultation Services/Expert Witness Testimony: All topics on which the faculty member provided legal consultation and/or expert witness testimony during the previous calendar year.
• Organizational interests: All organizations, other than the AAAAI, for which the faculty member holds volunteer positions.
• Gifts. All organizations from which the faculty member or a member of his/her immediate family or household have received a gift of any amount in the last year.
• Other interests. All interests of the faculty member or a member of his/her immediate family or household that would be judged by a majority of his/her peers to be more than casual and/or likely to impact his/her ability to exercise independent judgment. This includes any financial interest in or relationship with any manufacturer of a commercial product, and any financial interest or relationship with any organization that provides commercial support to AAAAI-sponsored educational activities.

Faculty

William W. Busse, MD

Professor of Medicine
Division of Allergy and Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health
Madison, Wisconsin

Disclosures

Disclosure: William M. Busse, MD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Genentech, Inc.; GlaxoSmithKline; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Sanofi
Other: DSMB: Boston Scientific; Genentech, Inc.

Stuart Stoloff, MD

Clinical Professor of Family & Community Medicine
University of Nevada School of Medicine
Reno, Nevada

Disclosures

Disclosure: Stuart Stoloff, MD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Editors

Roderick Smith, MS

Medical Education Director, Medscape, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Roderick Smith, MS, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Anita A. Galdieri, RPh, PharmD

Senior Scientific Content Manager, Medscape, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Anita A. Galdieri, RPh, PharmD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Content Reviewers

Hazel Dennison, DNP, RN, FNP

Associate Director, Accreditation and Compliance, Medscape, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Hazel Dennison, DNP, RN, FNP, CPHQ, CNE, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Amy Bernard, MS, BSN, RN-BC, CHCP

Director, Accreditation and Compliance, Medscape, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Amy Bernard, MS, BSN, RN-BC, CHCP, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Content Reviewer, AAAAI

Steven Folstein, MEd

Director of Education, American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

Disclosures

Disclosure: Steven Folstein, MEd, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Peer Reviewer

Kevin Parks, MD FAAAAI
AAC/CRI of Southern Oregon, Medford, OR
Relevant relationships: None

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The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology designates this enduring material for a maximum of 0.25 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

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This activity is designed to be completed within the time designated on the title page; physicians should claim only those credits that reflect the time actually spent in the activity. To successfully earn credit, participants must complete the activity online during the valid credit period that is noted on the title page. To receive AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™, you must receive a minimum score of 75% on the post-test.

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From Medscape Education Allergy & Clinical Immunology

CME

Foundations of Asthma: Exploring the Allergic Component of Management

Authors: William W. Busse, MD; Stuart Stoloff, MDFaculty and Disclosures

THIS ACTIVITY HAS EXPIRED FOR CREDIT

CME Released: 8/28/2019

Valid for credit through: 8/28/2020

processing....

Abbreviations

anti-IL-4R = anti-IL-4 receptor α chain
anti-IL-5R = anti-IL-5 receptor α chain
ATS = American Thoracic Society
CBC = complete blood count
CRS = chronic rhinosinusitis
CS = corticosteroid
ED = emergency department
ERS = European Respiratory Society
FeNO = fractional exhaled nitric oxide
FEV₁ = forced expiratory volume in 1 second
FVC = forced vital capacity
GERD = gastroesophageal reflux disease
GINA = Global Initiative for Asthma
ICS = inhaled corticosteroid
ICU = intensive care unit
Ig = immunoglobulin
IL = interleukin
ILC2 = type 2 innate lymphoid cell
LABA = long-acting beta agonist
NHLBI = National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
OSA = obstructive sleep apnea
T2 = type 2
Th = T-helper
Th2 = T-helper 2
Th17 = T-helper 17
TSLP = thymic stromal lymphopoietin

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References

Faculty and Disclosures

AAAAI Disclosure Policy

Faculty

William W. Busse, MD

Stuart Stoloff, MD

Editors

Roderick Smith, MS

Anita A. Galdieri, RPh, PharmD

Content Reviewers

Hazel Dennison, DNP, RN, FNP

Amy Bernard, MS, BSN, RN-BC, CHCP

Content Reviewer, AAAAI

Steven Folstein, MEd

Peer Reviewer

CME

Foundations of Asthma: Exploring the Allergic Component of Management

Target Audience and Goal Statement

Disclosures

AAAAI Disclosure Policy

Faculty

William W. Busse, MD

Stuart Stoloff, MD

Editors

Roderick Smith, MS

Anita A. Galdieri, RPh, PharmD

Content Reviewers

Hazel Dennison, DNP, RN, FNP

Amy Bernard, MS, BSN, RN-BC, CHCP

Content Reviewer, AAAAI

Steven Folstein, MEd

Peer Reviewer

Accreditation Statements

For Physicians

Instructions for Participation and Credit

Foundations of Asthma: Exploring the Allergic Component of Management

Abbreviations