Rodbard D. Continuous glucose monitoring: a review of successes, challenges, and opportunities. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2016;18(suppl 2):S3-S13.
Fonseca VA, Grunberger G, Anhalt H, et al. Continuous glucose monitoring: a consensus conference of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology. Endocr Pract. 2016;22:1008-1021.
Bergenstal RM, Ahmann AJ, Bailey T, et al. Recommendations for standardizing glucose reporting and analysis to optimize clinical decision making in diabetes: the ambulatory glucose profile. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2013;7:562-578.
Kohnert KD, Vogt L, Salzsieder E. Advances in understanding glucose variability and the role of continuous glucose monitoring. Eur Endocrinol. 2010;6:53-56.
Kowalski AJ, Dutta S. It's time to move from the A1c to better metrics for diabetes control. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2013;15:194-196.
Mazze RS. Making sense of glucose monitoring technologies: from SMBG to CGM. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2005;7:784-787.
Hirsch IB. Professional flash continuous glucose monitoring as a supplement to A1C in primary care. Postgrad Med. 2017;129:781-790.
Fonseca V, Grunberger G. Letter to the editor. Endocr Pract. 2017;23:629-632.
Bergenstal RM, Ahmann A, Bailey T, et al. Recommendations for standardizing glucose reporting and analysis to optimize clinical decision making in diabetes: the Ambulatory Glucose Profile (AGP). Diabetes Technol Ther. 2013;15:198-211.
Hirsch I, Wright, E. Clinical Diabetes. In press. 2018.
US Department of Health and Human Services. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. CMS Rulings. No: [CMS-1682-R]. 2017. www.cms.gov/Regulations-and-Guidance/Guidance/Rulings/Downloads/CMS1682R.pdf. Accessed on July 27, 2018.
Graham C. Continuous glucose monitoring and global reimbursement: an update. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2017;19:S60-S66.
Pettus J, Price DA, Edelman SV. How patients with type 1 diabetes translate continuous glucose monitoring data into diabetes management decisions. Endocrine Practice. 2015;21:613-620.
Klonoff DC, Kerr D. A simplified approach using rate of change arrows to adjust insulin with real-time continuous glucose monitoring. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2017;11:1063-1069.
Pettus J, Edelman SV. Use of glucose rate of change arrows to adjust insulin therapy among individuals with type 1 diabetes who use continuous glucose monitoring. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2016;18(suppl 2):S234-S242.
Battelino T, Bode BW. Continuous glucose monitoring in 2017. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2018;20:S13-S29.
Danne T, Nimri R, Battelino T, et al. International consensus on use of continuous glucose monitoring. Diabetes Care. 2017;40:1631-1640.
Rodbard D. Continuous glucose monitoring: a review of recent studies demonstrating improved glycemic outcomes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2017;19:S25-S37.

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Medscape, LLC, encourages Authors to identify investigational products or off-label uses of products regulated by the US Food and Drug Administration, at first mention and where appropriate in the content.

Moderator

Eugene E. Wright Jr, MD

Consulting Associate
Department of Medicine and Community and Family Medicine
Duke Southern Regional Area Health Education Center (AHEC)
Fayetteville, North Carolina

Disclosures

Disclosure: Eugene E. Wright Jr, MD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: Abbott Laboratories Diabetes Care; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; PTS Diagnostics; Sanofi; Voluntis
Served as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Abbott Laboratories Diabetes Care; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Dr Wright Jr. does not intend to discuss off-label uses of drugs, mechanical devices, biologics, or diagnostics approved by the FDA for use in the United States.

Dr Wright Jr. does not intend to discuss investigational drugs, mechanical devices, biologics, or diagnostics not approved by the FDA for use in the United States.

Panelists

Davida F. Kruger, MSN, APN-RC, BC-ADM

Nurse Practitioner
Henry Ford Health System
Detroit, Michigan

Disclosures

Disclosure: Davida F. Kruger, MSN, APN-RC, BC-ADM, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: Abbott Laboratories; Eli Lilly and Company; Dexcom, Inc.; Intarcia Therapeutics, Inc.; Janssen Pharmaceuticals; Novo Nordisk A/S; Sanofi Aventis
Served as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Abbott Laboratories; AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Dexcom, Inc.; Eli Lilly and Company; Insulet; Janssen Pharmaceuticals; Lilly Diabetes; Novo Nordisk A/S; Valeritas, Inc.
Received grants for clinical research from: Abbot; AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Dexcom, Inc.; Eli Lilly and Company; Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Novo Nordisk A/S
Owns stock, stock options, or bonds from: Dexcom, Inc.

Ms Kruger does not intend to discuss off-label uses of drugs, mechanical devices, biologics, or diagnostics approved by the FDA for use in the United States.

Ms Kruger does not intend to discuss investigational drugs, mechanical devices, biologics, or diagnostics not approved by the FDA for use in the United States.

Eden M. Miller, DO

CEO
Diabetes Nation
Bend, Oregon

Disclosures

Disclosure: Eden M. Miller, DO, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: Abbott Laboratories; AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Beckton Dickinson; Eli Lilly and Company; Intarcia Therapeutics, Inc.; Janssen Pharmaceuticals; Novo Nordisk A/S; Sanofi
Served as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Eli Lilly and Company; Janssen Pharmaceuticals; Novo Nordisk A/S

Dr Miller does not intend to discuss off-label uses of drugs, mechanical devices, biologics, or diagnostics approved by the FDA for use in the United States.

Dr Miller does not intend to discuss investigational drugs, mechanical devices, biologics, or diagnostics not approved by the FDA for use in the United States.

Editor

Anne G. Le, PharmD

Senior Scientific Director, Medscape, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Anne G. Le, PharmD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

CME Reviewer / Nurse Planner

Amy Bernard, MS, BSN, RN-BC, CHCP

Lead Nurse Planner, Medscape, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Amy Bernard, MS, BSN, RN-BC, CHCP, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Peer Reviewer

This activity has been peer reviewed and the reviewer has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

CME / ABIM MOC / CE

The Primary Care Guide to New CGM Devices and the AGP

Authors: Eugene E. Wright Jr, MD; Davida F. Kruger, MSN, APN-RC, BC-ADM; Eden M. Miller, DO
CME / ABIM MOC / CE Released: 8/13/2018; Reviewed and Renewed: 10/30/2019
THIS ACTIVITY HAS EXPIRED FOR CREDIT
Valid for credit through: 10/30/2020, 11:59 PM EST

Start Activity

Target Audience and Goal Statement

This activity is intended for primary care physicians, diabetologists/endocrinologists, nurses, and nurse practitioners who treat patients with diabetes.

The goal of this activity is to help clinicians integrate continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data and the ambulatory glucose profile (AGP) into diabetes management plans.

Upon completion of this activity, participants will:

Have increased knowledge regarding the
- Clinical differences in new advances in CGM
- Clinical application of AGP data
Have greater competence related to
- Strategies for discussing CGM with patients

Disclosures

Moderator

Eugene E. Wright Jr, MD

Consulting Associate
Department of Medicine and Community and Family Medicine
Duke Southern Regional Area Health Education Center (AHEC)
Fayetteville, North Carolina

Disclosures

Disclosure: Eugene E. Wright Jr, MD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: Abbott Laboratories Diabetes Care; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; PTS Diagnostics; Sanofi; Voluntis
Served as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Abbott Laboratories Diabetes Care; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Dr Wright Jr. does not intend to discuss off-label uses of drugs, mechanical devices, biologics, or diagnostics approved by the FDA for use in the United States.

Dr Wright Jr. does not intend to discuss investigational drugs, mechanical devices, biologics, or diagnostics not approved by the FDA for use in the United States.

Panelists

Davida F. Kruger, MSN, APN-RC, BC-ADM

Nurse Practitioner
Henry Ford Health System
Detroit, Michigan

Disclosures

Disclosure: Davida F. Kruger, MSN, APN-RC, BC-ADM, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: Abbott Laboratories; Eli Lilly and Company; Dexcom, Inc.; Intarcia Therapeutics, Inc.; Janssen Pharmaceuticals; Novo Nordisk A/S; Sanofi Aventis
Served as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Abbott Laboratories; AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Dexcom, Inc.; Eli Lilly and Company; Insulet; Janssen Pharmaceuticals; Lilly Diabetes; Novo Nordisk A/S; Valeritas, Inc.
Received grants for clinical research from: Abbot; AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Dexcom, Inc.; Eli Lilly and Company; Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Novo Nordisk A/S
Owns stock, stock options, or bonds from: Dexcom, Inc.

Ms Kruger does not intend to discuss off-label uses of drugs, mechanical devices, biologics, or diagnostics approved by the FDA for use in the United States.

Ms Kruger does not intend to discuss investigational drugs, mechanical devices, biologics, or diagnostics not approved by the FDA for use in the United States.

Eden M. Miller, DO

CEO
Diabetes Nation
Bend, Oregon

Disclosures

Disclosure: Eden M. Miller, DO, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: Abbott Laboratories; AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Beckton Dickinson; Eli Lilly and Company; Intarcia Therapeutics, Inc.; Janssen Pharmaceuticals; Novo Nordisk A/S; Sanofi
Served as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Eli Lilly and Company; Janssen Pharmaceuticals; Novo Nordisk A/S

Dr Miller does not intend to discuss off-label uses of drugs, mechanical devices, biologics, or diagnostics approved by the FDA for use in the United States.

Dr Miller does not intend to discuss investigational drugs, mechanical devices, biologics, or diagnostics not approved by the FDA for use in the United States.

Editor

Anne G. Le, PharmD

Senior Scientific Director, Medscape, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Anne G. Le, PharmD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

CME Reviewer / Nurse Planner

Amy Bernard, MS, BSN, RN-BC, CHCP

Lead Nurse Planner, Medscape, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Amy Bernard, MS, BSN, RN-BC, CHCP, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Peer Reviewer

This activity has been peer reviewed and the reviewer has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Accreditation Statements

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Medscape, LLC designates this enduring material for a maximum of 0.50 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™ . Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Successful completion of this CME activity, which includes participation in the evaluation component, enables the participant to earn up to 0.50 MOC points in the American Board of Internal Medicine's (ABIM) Maintenance of Certification (MOC) program. Participants will earn MOC points equivalent to the amount of CME credits claimed for the activity. It is the CME activity provider's responsibility to submit participant completion information to ACCME for the purpose of granting ABIM MOC credit. Aggregate participant data will be shared with commercial supporters of this activity.

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For Nurses

Awarded 0.50 contact hour(s) of continuing nursing education for RNs and APNs; 0.50 contact hours are in the area of pharmacology.

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This activity is designed to be completed within the time designated on the title page; physicians should claim only those credits that reflect the time actually spent in the activity. To successfully earn credit, participants must complete the activity online during the valid credit period that is noted on the title page. To receive AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™, you must receive a minimum score of 70% on the post-test.

Follow these steps to earn CME/CE credit*:

Read the target audience, learning objectives, and author disclosures.
Study the educational content online or printed out.
Online, choose the best answer to each test question. To receive a certificate, you must receive a passing score as designated at the top of the test. We encourage you to complete the Activity Evaluation to provide feedback for future programming.

You may now view or print the certificate from your CME/CE Tracker. You may print the certificate but you cannot alter it. Credits will be tallied in your CME/CE Tracker and archived for 6 years; at any point within this time period you can print out the tally as well as the certificates from the CME/CE Tracker.

*The credit that you receive is based on your user profile.

CGM From A to Z

From Medscape Education Family Medicine

CME / ABIM MOC / CE

The Primary Care Guide to New CGM Devices and the AGP

Authors: Eugene E. Wright Jr, MD; Davida F. Kruger, MSN, APN-RC, BC-ADM; Eden M. Miller, DOFaculty and Disclosures

THIS ACTIVITY HAS EXPIRED FOR CREDIT

CME / ABIM MOC / CE Released: 8/13/2018; Reviewed and Renewed: 10/30/2019

Valid for credit through: 10/30/2020, 11:59 PM EST

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Educational Impact Challenge

The goal of this activity is to help clinicians integrate continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data and the ambulatory glucose profile (AGP) into diabetes management plans.

Before you begin this activity, please assess your clinical knowledge by completing this brief survey. Answering these questions again after the activity will allow you to see what you learned and to compare your answers with those of your peers.

Patient Handout

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Disclaimer

The educational activity presented above may involve simulated case-based scenarios. The patients depicted in these scenarios are fictitious and no association with any actual patient is intended or should be inferred.

The material presented here does not necessarily reflect the views of Medscape, LLC, or companies that support educational programming on medscape.org. These materials may discuss therapeutic products that have not been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and off-label uses of approved products. A qualified healthcare professional should be consulted before using any therapeutic product discussed. Readers should verify all information and data before treating patients or employing any therapies described in this educational activity.

References

Faculty and Disclosures

Moderator

Eugene E. Wright Jr, MD

Panelists

Davida F. Kruger, MSN, APN-RC, BC-ADM

Eden M. Miller, DO

Editor

Anne G. Le, PharmD

CME Reviewer / Nurse Planner

Amy Bernard, MS, BSN, RN-BC, CHCP

Peer Reviewer

CME / ABIM MOC / CE

The Primary Care Guide to New CGM Devices and the AGP

Target Audience and Goal Statement

Disclosures

Moderator

Eugene E. Wright Jr, MD

Panelists

Davida F. Kruger, MSN, APN-RC, BC-ADM

Eden M. Miller, DO

Editor

Anne G. Le, PharmD

CME Reviewer / Nurse Planner

Amy Bernard, MS, BSN, RN-BC, CHCP

Peer Reviewer

Accreditation Statements

For Physicians

For Nurses

Instructions for Participation and Credit

The Primary Care Guide to New CGM Devices and the AGP

Educational Impact Challenge

PDF Downloads