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Bhavsar S, Mudaliar S, Cherrington A. Evolution of exenatide as a diabetes therapeutic. Curr Diabet Rev. 2013;9:161-193.
Knudsen LB, Nielsen PF, Huusfeldt PO, et al. Potent derivatives of glucagon-like peptide-1 with pharmacokinetic properties suitable for once daily administration. J Med Chem. 2000;43:1664-1669.
Degn KB, Juhl CB, Sturis J, et al. One week's treatment with the long-acting glucagon-like peptide 1 derivative liraglutide (NN2211) markedly improves 24-h glycemia and alpha- and beta-cell function and reduces endogenous glucose release in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2004;53:1187-1194.
Naver SV, Jimenez-Solem E, Christensen M, et al. Dulaglutide: a novel once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist. Clin Invest (Lond). 2014;4:729-743.
Rendell MS. Albiglutide: a unique GLP-1 receptor agonist. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2016;16:1557-1569.
Umpierrez GE, Tofé Povedano S, Pérez Manghi F, et al. Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide monotherapy versus metformin in type 2 diabetes in a randomized controlled trial (AWARD-3). Diabetes Care. 2014;37:2168-2176.
Nauck M, Weinstock RS, Umpierrez GE, et al. Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide versus sitagliptin after 52 weeks in type 2 diabetes in a randomized controlled trial (AWARD-5). Diabetes Care. 2014;37:2149-2158.
Dungan KM, Povedano ST, Forst T, et al. Once-weekly dulaglutide versus once-daily liraglutide in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes (AWARD-6): a randomised, open-label, phase 3, non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2014;384:1349-1357.
Wysham C, Blevins T, Arakaki R, et al. Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide added onto pioglitazone and metformin versus exenatide in type 2 diabetes in a randomized controlled trial (AWARD-1). Diabetes Care. 2014;37:2159-2167.
Giorgino F, Benroubi M, Sun JH, et al. Efficacy and safety of once-weekly dulaglutide versus insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes on metformin and glimepiride (AWARD-2). Diabetes Care. 2015;38:2241-2249.
Blonde L, Jendle J, Gross J, et al. Once-weekly dulaglutide versus bedtime insulin glargine, both in combination with prandial insulin lispro, in patients with type 2 diabetes (AWARD-4): a randomised, open-label, phase 3, non-inferiority study. Lancet. 2015;385:2057-2066.
Pratley RE, Nauck MA, Barnett AH, et al. Once-weekly albiglutide versus once-daily liraglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on oral drugs (HARMONY 7): a randomised, open-label, multicentre, non-inferiority phase 3 study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014;2:289-297.
Ahrén B, Johnson SL, Stewart M, et al. HARMONY 3: 104-week randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled trial assessing the efficacy and safety of albiglutide compared with placebo, sitagliptin, and glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes taking metformin. Diabetes Care. 2014;37:2141-2148.
Weissman PN, Carr MC, Ye J, et al. HARMONY 4: randomised clinical trial comparing once-weekly albiglutide and insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin with or without sulfonylurea. Diabetologia. 2014;57:2475-2484.
Reusch J, Stewart MW, Perkins CM, et al. Efficacy and safety of once-weekly glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist albiglutide (HARMONY 1 trial): 52-week primary endpoint results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus not controlled on pioglitazone, with or without metformin. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2014;16:1257-1264.
Nauck MA, Stewart MW, Perkins C, et al. Efficacy and safety of once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist albiglutide (HARMONY 2): 52 week primary endpoint results from a randomised, placebo-controlled trial in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with diet and exercise. Diabetologia. 2016;59:266-274.
Home PD, Shamanna P, Stewart M, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of albiglutide versus placebo or pioglitazone over 1 year in people with type 2 diabetes currently taking metformin and glimepiride: HARMONY 5. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2015;17:179-187.
Sorli C, Harashima SI, Tsoukas GM, et al. Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide monotherapy versus placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 1): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multinational, multicentre phase 3a trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017;5:251-260.
Ahrén B, Masmiquel L, Kumar H, et al. Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide versus once daily sitagliptin as an add-on to metformin, thiazolidinediones, or both, in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 2): a 56-week, double-blind, phase 3a, randomised trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017;5:341-354.
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WebMD Global requires each individual who is in a position to control the content of one of its educational activities to disclose any relevant financial relationships occurring within the past 12 months that could create a conflict of interest.

Moderator

Michael A. Nauck, MD

Professor, Division of Diabetology, Department of Medicine, St. Josef Hospital, Rufh-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany

Disclosures

Disclosure: Michael A. Nauk, MD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Berlin-Chemie AG; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Fractyl; GlaxoSmithKline; Lilly; Menarini Diagnostics; Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; Novo Nordisk; Roche; Takeda Pharmaceuticals North America, Inc.
Served as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Berlin-Chemie AG; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; GlaxoSmithKline; Lilly; Menarini Diagnostics; Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.; Novo Nordisk; Sanofi; Takeda Pharmaceuticals North America, Inc.; Versatis; Xoma
Received grants for clinical research from: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Bayer HealthCare; Berlin-Chemie AG; GlaxoSmithKline; Lilly; Menarini Diagnostics; Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; Novo Nordisk; Roche

Faculty

Filip K. Knop, MD, PhD

Professor of Endocrinology Department of Clinical Medicine; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; Director, Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

Disclosures

Disclosure: Filip K. Knop, MD, PhD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: Amgen Inc.; AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; MedImmune Inc.; Novo Nordisk; Sanofi; Zealand Pharma A/S
Served as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Novo Nordisk; Sanofi; Zealand Pharma A/S
Received grants for clinical research from: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Novo Nordisk; Sanofi

Mark Warren, MD

Assistant Professor of Medicine, Campbell University of Osteopathic Medicine; Director, Endocrine Research, Physicians East, Lillington, North Carolina, United States

Disclosures

Disclosure: Mark Warren, MD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: Novo Nordisk; Sanofi
Served as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Janssen Pharmaceuticals; Lilly; Novo Nordisk; Sanofi; Shire
Received grants for clinical research from: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; Gan & Lee; Janssen Pharmaceuticals; Lilly; MannKind Corporation; Mylan Laboratories Inc.; Novo Nordisk; PHARMACOSMOS A/S
Owns stock, stock options, or bonds from: Lilly; Novo Nordisk

Vincent Woo, MD, FRCPC

Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

Disclosures

Disclosure: Vincent Woo, MD, FRCPC, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Lilly; Janssen Pharmaceuticals; Novo Nordisk; Sanofi
Served as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Lilly; Janssen Pharmaceuticals; Novo Nordisk; Sanofi
Received grants for clinical research from: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Lilly; Janssen Pharmaceuticals; Novo Nordisk; Sanofi

Editor

Robert McCarthy, PhD

Scientific Director, WebMD Global, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Robert McCarthy, PhD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Content Reviewer

Nafeez Zawahir, MD

CME Clinical Director, Medscape, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Nafeez Zawahir, MD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

CPD

Novel Developments & Latest Clinical Results With Long-Acting GLP-1 Receptor Agonists

Authors: Michael Nauck, MD; Filip K. Knop, MD; Mark Warren, MD; Vincent Woo, MD
CPD Released: 2/15/2018
THIS ACTIVITY HAS EXPIRED FOR CREDIT
Valid for credit through: 2/15/2019, 11:59 PM EST

Start Activity

Target Audience and Goal Statement

This educational activity is intended for an international audience of non-US diabetologists and endocrinologists, primary care physicians, and cardiologists.

The goal of this activity is to familiarize physicians with the multiple clinical benefits provided by long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (RAs).

Upon completion of this activity, participants will:

Have increased knowledge regarding the
- Documented multifactorial benefits of, and clinical trial evidence for, different long-acting GLP-1 RAs on cardiometabolic surrogate parameters and on macrovascular risk factors as demonstrated in clinical development programs and cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs)
- Importance of weight and blood pressure (BP) control, the improvement in lipids in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) therapeutics, and the potentially negative impact of different glucose-lowering medications on these risk factors
Have greater competence related to
- The clinical practice implications of current and future long-acting GLP-1 RAs for patients with T2DM

Disclosures

Moderator

Michael A. Nauck, MD

Professor, Division of Diabetology, Department of Medicine, St. Josef Hospital, Rufh-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany

Disclosures

Disclosure: Michael A. Nauk, MD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Berlin-Chemie AG; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Fractyl; GlaxoSmithKline; Lilly; Menarini Diagnostics; Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; Novo Nordisk; Roche; Takeda Pharmaceuticals North America, Inc.
Served as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Berlin-Chemie AG; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; GlaxoSmithKline; Lilly; Menarini Diagnostics; Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.; Novo Nordisk; Sanofi; Takeda Pharmaceuticals North America, Inc.; Versatis; Xoma
Received grants for clinical research from: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Bayer HealthCare; Berlin-Chemie AG; GlaxoSmithKline; Lilly; Menarini Diagnostics; Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; Novo Nordisk; Roche

Faculty

Filip K. Knop, MD, PhD

Professor of Endocrinology Department of Clinical Medicine; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; Director, Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

Disclosures

Disclosure: Filip K. Knop, MD, PhD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: Amgen Inc.; AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; MedImmune Inc.; Novo Nordisk; Sanofi; Zealand Pharma A/S
Served as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Novo Nordisk; Sanofi; Zealand Pharma A/S
Received grants for clinical research from: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Novo Nordisk; Sanofi

Mark Warren, MD

Assistant Professor of Medicine, Campbell University of Osteopathic Medicine; Director, Endocrine Research, Physicians East, Lillington, North Carolina, United States

Disclosures

Disclosure: Mark Warren, MD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: Novo Nordisk; Sanofi
Served as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Janssen Pharmaceuticals; Lilly; Novo Nordisk; Sanofi; Shire
Received grants for clinical research from: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; Gan & Lee; Janssen Pharmaceuticals; Lilly; MannKind Corporation; Mylan Laboratories Inc.; Novo Nordisk; PHARMACOSMOS A/S
Owns stock, stock options, or bonds from: Lilly; Novo Nordisk

Vincent Woo, MD, FRCPC

Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

Disclosures

Disclosure: Vincent Woo, MD, FRCPC, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Lilly; Janssen Pharmaceuticals; Novo Nordisk; Sanofi
Served as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Lilly; Janssen Pharmaceuticals; Novo Nordisk; Sanofi
Received grants for clinical research from: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Lilly; Janssen Pharmaceuticals; Novo Nordisk; Sanofi

Editor

Robert McCarthy, PhD

Scientific Director, WebMD Global, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Robert McCarthy, PhD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Content Reviewer

Nafeez Zawahir, MD

CME Clinical Director, Medscape, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Nafeez Zawahir, MD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Accreditation Statements

For Physicians

The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Medicine of the Royal Colleges of Physicians of the United Kingdom (FPM) has reviewed and approved the content of this educational activity and allocated it 0.5 continuing professional development credits (CPD).

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This activity is designed to be completed within the time designated on the title page; physicians should claim only those credits that reflect the time actually spent participating in the activity. To successfully earn credit, participants must complete the activity online during the credit eligibility period that is noted on the title page.

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Read the information provided on the title page regarding the target audience, learning objectives, and author disclosures, read and study the activity content and then complete the post-test questions. If you earn a passing score on the post-test and we have determined based on your registration profile that you may be eligible to claim CPD credit for completing this activity, we will issue you a CPD credit certificate.
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From Medscape Education

CPD

Novel Developments & Latest Clinical Results With Long-Acting GLP-1 Receptor Agonists

Authors: Michael Nauck, MD; Filip K. Knop, MD; Mark Warren, MD; Vincent Woo, MDFaculty and Disclosures

THIS ACTIVITY HAS EXPIRED FOR CREDIT

CPD Released: 2/15/2018

Valid for credit through: 2/15/2019, 11:59 PM EST

processing....

Abbreviations

4FC = 4 fragment crystalizable
BMI = body mass index
BP = blood pressure
BW = body weight
CABG = coronary artery bypass graft
CI = confidence interval
CV = cardiovascular
CVD = cardiovascular disease
CVOT = cardiovascular outcome trial
DPP-4 = dipeptidyl peptidase-4
ER = extended release
EASD = European Association for the Study of Diabetes
GLP-1 = glucagon-like peptide-1
HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin
HF = heart failure
Iglar = insulin glargine
MACE = major adverse cardiovascular event
MI = myocardial infarction
N/A = not applicable
NICE = National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention
PK = pharmacokinetics
RA = receptor agonist
SGLT2 = sodium-glucose cotransporter 2
T_1/2 = half-life
T2DM = type 2 diabetes mellitus

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References

Faculty and Disclosures

Moderator

Michael A. Nauck, MD

Faculty

Filip K. Knop, MD, PhD

Mark Warren, MD

Vincent Woo, MD, FRCPC

Editor

Robert McCarthy, PhD

Content Reviewer

Nafeez Zawahir, MD

CPD

Novel Developments & Latest Clinical Results With Long-Acting GLP-1 Receptor Agonists

Target Audience and Goal Statement

Disclosures

Moderator

Michael A. Nauck, MD

Faculty

Filip K. Knop, MD, PhD

Mark Warren, MD

Vincent Woo, MD, FRCPC

Editor

Robert McCarthy, PhD

Content Reviewer

Nafeez Zawahir, MD

Accreditation Statements

For Physicians

Instructions for Participation and Credit

Novel Developments & Latest Clinical Results With Long-Acting GLP-1 Receptor Agonists

Abbreviations