Wong MC, Zhang DX, Wang HH. Rapid emergence of atherosclerosis in Asia: a systematic review of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease epidemiology and implications for prevention and control strategies. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2015;26:257-269.
Ohira T, Iso H. Cardiovascular disease epidemiology in Asia: an overview. Circ J. 2013;77:1646-1652.
International Atherosclerosis Society. IAS Position Paper: Global Recommendations for the Management of Dyslipidemia. http://www.athero.org/guidelinesDownload/IASPositionPaperGlobalRecommendationsManagementDyslipidemia.pdf. Accessed January 12, 2018.
Karatasakis A, Danek BA, Karacsonyi J, et al. Effect of PCSK9 inhibitors on clinical outcomes in patients with hypercholesterolemia: a meta-analysis of 35 randomized controlled trials. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6. pii: e006910.
Japan Atherosclerosis Society. Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. 2017 version. Available at: http://www.j-athero.org/index.html. Accessed February 7, 2018.
Nordestgaard BG, Chapman JM, Humphries SE, et al; European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel. Familial hypercholesterolaemia is underdiagnosed and undertreated in the general population: guidance for clinicians to prevent coronary heart disease: consensus statement of the European Atherosclerosis Society. Eur Heart J. 2013;34:3478-3490.
Nakamura T, Kobayashi H, Yanagi K, et al. Importance of intra-abdominal visceral fat accumulation to coronary atherosclerosis in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1997;21:580-586.
Yanagi K, Yamashita S, Kihara S, et al. Characteristics of coronary artery disease and lipoprotein abnormalities in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia associated with diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance. Atherosclerosis. 1997;132:43-51.
Jellinger P, Handelsman Y, Rosenblit PD, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology guidelines for the management of dyslipidemia and prevention of cardiovascular disease--executive summary. Endocr Pract. 2017;23:479-497.
Anderson TJ, Grégoire J, Pearson GJ, et al. 2016 Canadian Cardiovascular Society guidelines for the management of dyslipidemia for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in the adult. Can J Cardiol. 2016;32:1263-1282.
Trentman TL, Avey SG, Ramakrishna H. Current and emerging treatments for hypercholesterolemia: a focus on statins and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors for perioperative clinicians. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2016;32:440-445.
Giugliano RP, Sabatine MS. Are PCSK9 inhibitors the next breakthrough in the cardiovascular field? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;65:2638-2651.
European Medicines Agency. Praluent (alirocumab) summary of product characteristics. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Product_Information/human/003882/WC500194521.pdf. Accessed January 24, 2018.
European Medicines Agency. Repatha (evolocumab) summary of product characteristics. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Product_Information/human/003766/WC500191398.pdf. Accessed January 24, 2018.
Lloyd-Jones DM, Morris PB, Ballantyne CM, et al. 2016 ACC expert consensus decision pathway on the role of non-statin therapies for LDL-cholesterol lowering in the management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68:92-125.
Al-Mohaissen MA, Ignaszewski MJ, Frohlich J, et al. Statin-associated muscle adverse events: update for clinicians. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2016;16:e406-e415.
Stulc T, Ceška R, Gotto AM Jr. Statin intolerance: the clinician’s perspective. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2015;17:69.
Mancini GB, Baker S, Bergeron J, et al. Diagnosis, prevention, and management of statin adverse effects and intolerance: Canadian Consensus Working Group update (2016). Can J Cardiology. 2016;32(suppl):S35-S65.
Serban MC, Colantonio LD, Manthripragada AD, et al. Statin intolerance and risk of coronary heart events and all-cause mortality following myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69:1386-1395.
Nissen SE, Stroes E, Dent-Acosta RE, et al; GAUSS-3 Investigators. Efficacy and tolerability of evolocumab vs ezetimibe in patients with muscle-related statin intolerance: the GAUSS-3 randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2016;315:1580-1590
Moriarty PM, Thompson PD, Cannon CP, et al; ODYSSEY ALTERNATIVE Investigators. Efficacy and safety of alirocumab vs ezetimibe in statin-intolerant patients, with a statin rechallenge arm: The ODYSSEY ALTERNATIVE randomized trial. J Clin Lipidol. 2015;9:758-769.
Ridker PM, Danielson E, Fonseca FA, et al; JUPITER Study Group. Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:2195-2207.
Ridker PM, Cannon CP, Morrow D, et al; Pravastatin or Atorvastatin Evaluation and Infection Therapy-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 22 (PROVE IT-TIMI 22) Investigators. C-reactive protein levels and outcomes after statin therapy. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:20-28.
Gitt AK, Lautsch D, Ferrieres J, et al. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in a global cohort of 57,885 statin-treated patients. Atherosclerosis. 2016;255:200-209.
Sabatine MS, Giugliano RP, Keech AC, et al ; FOURIER Steering Committee and Investigators. Evolocumab and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 2017;376:1713-1722.
Robinson JG, Farnier M, Krempf M, et al; ODYSSEY LONG TERM Investigators. Efficacy and safety of alirocumab in reducing lipids and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:1489-1499.
ClinicalTrials.gov. ODYSSEY Outcomes: evaluation of cardiovascular outcomes after an acute coronary syndrome during treatment with alirocumab. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01663402.
Giugliano RP, Pedersen TR, Park JP, et al. FOURIER Investigators. Clinical efficacy and safety of achieving very low LDL-cholesterol concentrations with the PCSK9 inhibitor evolocumab: a prespecified secondary analysis of the FOURIER trial. Lancet. 2017;390:1962-1971.
Inoue T, Taguchi I, Iwata H, et al; REAL-CAD Study Investigators. Does high-intensity pitavastatin therapy further improve clinical outcomes? The REAL-CAD study in 13,054 patients with stable coronary artery disease. LBS.02. AHA Scientific Sessions 2017. Available at: http://professional.heart.org/professional/General/UCM_442723_Late-Breaking-Clinical-Trials.jsp. Accessed February 7, 2018.
Bonaca MP, Nault P, Giugliano RP, et al. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering with evolocumab and outcomes in patients with peripheral artery disease: insights from the FOURIER Trial (Further Cardiovascular Outcomes Research With PCSK9 Inhibition in Subjects With Elevated Risk). Circulation. 2018;137:338-350.
Sabatine MP, De Ferrari GM, Giugliano RP, et al; FOURIER Steering Committee and Investigators. Clinical benefit of evolocumab in patients with a history of MI: an analysis from FOURIER. LBS.02. AHA Scientific Sessions, 2017. Available at: http://professional.heart.org/professional/General/UCM_442723_Late-Breaking-Clinical-Trials.jsp. Accessed February 7, 2018.
Catapano AL, Graham I, De Backer G, et al. 2016 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias. Eur Heart J. 2016;37:2999-3058.

WebMD Global requires each individual who is in a position to control the content of one of its educational activities to disclose any relevant financial relationships occurring within the past 12 months that could create a conflict of interest.

Host

Khung Keong Yeo, MBBS

Adjunct Associate Professor, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Thailand

Disclosures

Disclosure: Khung Keong Yeo, MBBS has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: Boston Scientific
Served as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Abbott Cardiovascular Systems, Inc., Amgen Inc., Menarini Group
Received grants for clinical research from: Amgen Inc., Medtronic, Inc.

Faculty

Sanjay Kalra, MD

Consultant Endocrinologist, Bharti Hospital, Bharti Research Institute of Diabetes & Endocrinology (BRIDE), Karnal, India

Disclosures

Disclosure: Sanjay Kalra, MD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: Amgen

Masahiro Koseki, MD, PhD

Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan

Disclosures

Disclosure: Masahiro Koseki, MD, PhD has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Amgen Astrellas BioPharma K.K., Kowa Company Ltd., Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., ROHTO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sanofi, Takeda Pharmaceuticals North America, Inc.

Kian Keong Poh, MD, FRCP

Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore

Disclosures

Disclosure: Kian Keong Poh, MD, FRCP has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Editor

Anne M. Sendaydiego, PharmD

Scientific Director, WebMD Global, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Anne M. Sendaydiego, PharmD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Content Reviewer

Nafeez Zawahir, MD

CME Clinical Director

Disclosures

Disclosure: Nafeez Zawahir, MD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

High Risk Dyslipidemia Management in Asia Pacific

From Medscape Education

Management of Patients With High-Risk Dyslipidemia: Case Studies

Authors: Khung Keong Yeo, MBBS; Sanjay Kalra, MD; Masahiro Koseki, MD, PhD; Kian Keong Poh, MD, FRCPFaculty and Disclosures

processing....

A Powerpoint version of the slides from this presentation
is available for use as a professional resource from Medscape Education.

Download Now

PDF Downloads

Web Reprint

Print
Like Tweet

Disclaimer

The educational activity presented above may involve simulated case-based scenarios. The patients depicted in these scenarios are fictitious and no association with any actual patient is intended or should be inferred.

The material presented here does not necessarily reflect the views of WebMD Global, LLC or companies that support educational programming on medscape.org. These materials may discuss therapeutic products that have not been approved by the European Medicines Agency for use in Europe and off-label uses of approved products. A qualified healthcare professional should be consulted before using any therapeutic product discussed. Readers should verify all information and data before treating patients or employing any therapies described in this educational activity.

References

Faculty and Disclosures

Host

Khung Keong Yeo, MBBS

Faculty

Sanjay Kalra, MD

Masahiro Koseki, MD, PhD

Kian Keong Poh, MD, FRCP

Editor

Anne M. Sendaydiego, PharmD

Content Reviewer

Nafeez Zawahir, MD

Management of Patients With High-Risk Dyslipidemia: Case Studies

PDF Downloads