Ogden CL1, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM. Prevalence of obesity among adults: United States, 2011-2012. NCHS Data Brief. 2013;:1-8.
Wang YC, McPherson K, Marsh T, Gortmaker SL, Brown M. Health and economic burden of the projected obesity trends in the USA and the UK. Lancet. 2011;378:815-825. Abstract
Fryar CD, Carroll MD, Ogden CL; National Center for Health Statistics. Prevalence of Overweight, Obesity, and Extreme Obesity Among Adults: United States, Trends 1960-1962 Through 2009-2010. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/obesity_adult_09_10/obesity_adult_09_10.pdf. Published September 2012. Accessed August 15, 2014.
Ogden CL, Fryar CD, Carroll MD, Flegal KM. Mean body weight, height, and body mass index, United States 1960-2002. Adv Data. 2004;1-17.
Finkelstein EA, Khavjou OA, Thompson H, et al. Obesity and severe obesity forecasts through 2030. Am J Prev Med. 2012;42:563-570. Abstract
Via MA, Mechanick JI. Obesity as a Disease. Curr Obes Rep. 2014;3:291-297.
Chang SH, Pollack LM, Colditz GA. Life Years Lost Associated with Obesity-Related Diseases for U.S. Non-Smoking Adults.PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e66550.
Armour BS, Courtney-Long EA, Campbell VA, Wethington HR. Disability prevalence among healthy weight, overweight, and obese adults. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2013;21:852-855. Abstract
Reuser M, Bonneux LG, Willekens FJ. Smoking kills, obesity disables: a multistate approach of the US Health and Retirement Survey. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009;17:783-789. Abstract
Kanneganti TD, Dixit VD. Immunological complications of obesity. Nat Immunol. 2012;13:707-712. Abstract
Zammit C, Liddicoat H, Moonsie I, Makker H. Obesity and respiratory diseases. Int J Gen Med. 2010;3:335-343. Abstract
Eneli IU, Skybo T, Camargo CA Jr. Weight loss and asthma: a systematic review. Thorax. 2008;63:671-676. Abstract
Willett WC, Dietz WH, Colditz GA. Guidelines for healthy weight. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:427-434. Abstract
Bays HE, González-Campoy JM, Bray GA, et al. Pathogenic potential of adipose tissue and metabolic consequences of adipocyte hypertrophy and increased visceral adiposity. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2008;6:343-368. Abstract
Bray GA. Medical consequences of obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:2583-2589. Abstract
Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ. The metabolic syndrome. Lancet. 2005;365:1415-1428. Abstract
Louer CR, Furman BD, Huebner JL, Kraus VB, Olson SA, Guilak F. Diet-induced obesity significantly increases the severity of posttraumatic arthritis in mice. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64:3220-3230. Abstract
Finkelstein EA, Trogdon JG, Cohen JW, Dietz W. Annual medical spending attributable to obesity: payer-and service-specific estimates. Health Aff (Millwood). 2009;28:w822-w831. Abstract
Trust for America's Health and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. F as in Fat: How Obesity Threatens America's Future. Cost Containment and Obesity Prevention. http://www.fasinfat.org/cost-containment/ Accessed July 28, 2014.
Jay M, Schlair S, Caldwell R, Kalet A, Sherman S, Gillespie C. From the patient's perspective: the impact of training on resident physician's obesity counseling. J Gen Intern Med. 2010;25:415-422. Abstract
Kraschnewski JL, Sciamanna CN, Pollak KI, Stuckey HL, Sherwood NE. The epidemiology of weight counseling for adults in the United States: a case of positive deviance. Int J Obes. 2013;37:751-753.
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Dalle Grave R, Centis E, Marzocchi R, El Ghoch M, Marchesini G. Major factors for facilitating change in behavioral strategies to reduce obesity. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2013;6:101-110. Abstract
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CME

Treating Obesity Today: Effective Discussions With Your Patients

Authors: Robert F. Kushner, MD; Caroline Apovian, MD
CME Released: 9/15/2014
THIS ACTIVITY HAS EXPIRED FOR CREDIT
Valid for credit through: 9/15/2015, 11:59 PM EST

Target Audience and Goal Statement

This activity is intended for primary care clinicians, endocrinologists, diabetologists, and other allied healthcare professionals who manage patients who are obese.

The goal of this activity is to focus on the global public health crisis of obesity and to demonstrate how motivational interview techniques can be used by clinicians to help patients who are overweight or obese establish a partnership with their clinician and foster patient adherence to an individualized weight loss management plan.

Upon completion of this activity, participants will be able to:

Identify health consequences of untreated obesity and its association with the development and progression of comorbidities
Translate techniques of motivational interviewing to increase provider-patient discussions regarding obesity management

Disclosures

As an organization accredited by the ACCME, Medscape, LLC, requires everyone who is in a position to control the content of an education activity to disclose all relevant financial relationships with any commercial interest. The ACCME defines "relevant financial relationships" as financial relationships in any amount, occurring within the past 12 months, including financial relationships of a spouse or life partner, that could create a conflict of interest.

Medscape, LLC, encourages Authors to identify investigational products or off-label uses of products regulated by the US Food and Drug Administration, at first mention and where appropriate in the content.

Moderator

Robert F. Kushner, MD

Professor of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois

Disclosures

Disclosure: Robert F. Kushner, MD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: Eisai Inc.; Novo Nordisk; Takeda Pharmaceuticals North America Inc.; VIVUS Inc.
Received grants for clinical research from: Aspire Bariatrics; Weight Watchers

Dr Kushner does not intend to discuss off-label uses of drugs, mechanical devices, biologics, or diagnostics approved by the FDA for use in the United States.

Dr Kushner does not intend to discuss investigational drugs, mechanical devices, biologics, or diagnostics not approved by the FDA for use in the United States.

Panelist

Caroline Apovian, MD

Director, Nutrition and Weight Management; Professor of Medicine and Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts

Disclosures

Disclosure: Caroline Apovian, MD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; EnteroMedics; Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C.; Merck & Co., Inc.; Nutrisystem, Inc.; Orexigen Therapeutics, Inc.; Sanofi; Zafgen
Received grants for clinical research from: Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Aspire Bariatrics, Inc.; Endo Barrier (GI Dynamics); Lilly; MetaProteomics; Orexigen Therapeutics, Inc.; Pfizer Inc; Dr. Robert C. and Veronica Atkins Foundation; Sanofi

Dr Apovian does not intend to discuss off-label uses of drugs, mechanical devices, biologics, or diagnostics approved by the FDA for use in the United States.

Dr Apovian does not intend to discuss investigational drugs, mechanical devices, biologics, or diagnostics not approved by the FDA for use in the United States.

Editors

Anne G. Le, PharmD, RPh

Lead Scientific Director, Medscape, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Anne G. Le, PharmD, RPh, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Eve J. Wilson, PhD, CCMEP

Scientific Director, Medscape, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Eve J. Wilson, PhD, CCMEP, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Steering Committee

Ken Fujioka, MD

Director, Nutrition and Metabolic Research Center, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, California

Disclosures

Disclosure: Ken Fujioka, MD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: Orexigen Therapeutics, Inc.; Novo Nordisk; Enteromedics, Inc.; Zafgen; NPS Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Eisai, Inc.; NaZura BioHealth, Inc.; Pathway Genomics Corporation; Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Served as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Abbott Laboratories; NPS Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Eisai, Inc.; VIVUS Inc.
Received grants for clinical research from: Orexigen Therapeutics, Inc.; Novo Nordisk; Enteromedics, Inc.; Shire, NPS Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Eisai, Inc.; Weight Watchers

Timothy Church, MD, MPH, PhD

Professor, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana

Disclosures

Disclosure: Timothy Church, MD, MPH, PhD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: VIVUS Inc.
Received grants for clinical research from: VIVUS Inc.; Coca Cola; Orexigen Therapeutics, Inc.; Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Owns stocks, stocks options, or bonds from: Catapult Health; FIX: Fitness Interactive eXperience
Employed by a commercial interest: ACAP Health

Timothy Garvey, MD

Butterworth Professor and Chair, Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Director, University of Alabama at Birmingham Diabetes Research Center; Investigator and Staff Physician, Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama

Disclosures

Disclosure: Timothy Garvey, MD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: Daiichi Sankyo, Inc.; VIVUS Inc.; Eisai, Inc.; Takeda Pharmaceuticals North America, Inc.; Novo Nordisk; Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; LipoScience Inc.; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Received grants for clinical research from: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Merck & Co., Inc.; Weight Watchers; Sanofi; Eisai, Inc.
Owns stocks, stocks options, or bonds from: Pfizer, Inc.; Lilly; Merck & Co., Inc.; Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation

Patrick O'Neil, PhD

Director, Weight Management Center; Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Professor, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina

Disclosures

Disclosure: Patrick O'Neil, PhD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Eisai Inc.; Novo Nordisk
Received grants for clinical research from: Orexigen Therapeutics, Inc.; Weight Watchers; Novo Nordisk
Received reimbursement for travel expenses from: VIVUS, Inc.

Donna Ryan, MD

Professor Emeritus, Bennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana

Disclosures

Disclosure: Donna Ryan, MD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: Novo Nordisk; Eisai, Inc.; Takeda Pharmaceuticals North America, Inc.; VIVUS Inc.; Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Served as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Takeda Pharmaceuticals North America, Inc.
Owns stocks, stocks options, or bonds from: Scientific Intake

Steven R. Smith, MD

Professor, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute; Chief Scientific Officer/Senior Vice President, Florida Hospital; Scientific Director, Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Orlando, Florida

Disclosures

Disclosure: Steven R. Smith, MD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships:
Served as an advisor or consultant for: Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Takeda Pharmaceuticals North America, Inc.; Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc.; Bristol Meyers Squibb Company; Eisai, Inc.; Elcelyx Therapeutics, Inc.; Lilly; FivePrime Therapeutics; GlaxoSmithKline; NGM Biopharmaceuticals, Inc.; Novo Nordisk; Orexigen Therapeutics, Inc.; Piramal Life Sciences; Takeda Pharmaceuticals North America, Inc.; Zafgen
Received grants for clinical research from: Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Lilly; Takeda Pharmaceuticals North America, Inc.
Owns stocks, stocks options, or bonds from: Jenrin Discovery Inc; Zafgen

CME Reviewer(s)

Nafeez Zawahir, MD

CME Clinical Director, Medscape, LLC

Disclosures

Disclosure: Nafeez Zawahir, MD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Accreditation Statements

For Physicians

Medscape, LLC is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians.

Medscape, LLC designates this enduring material for a maximum of 0.50 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™ . Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Medscape, LLC staff have disclosed that they have no relevant financial relationships.

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For questions regarding the content of this activity, contact the accredited provider for this CME/CE activity noted above. For technical assistance, contact [email protected]

Instructions for Participation and Credit

There are no fees for participating in or receiving credit for this online educational activity. For information on applicability and acceptance of continuing education credit for this activity, please consult your professional licensing board.

This activity is designed to be completed within the time designated on the title page; physicians should claim only those credits that reflect the time actually spent in the activity. To successfully earn credit, participants must complete the activity online during the valid credit period that is noted on the title page. To receive AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™, you must receive a minimum score of 70% on the post-test.

Follow these steps to earn CME/CE credit*:

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Online, choose the best answer to each test question. To receive a certificate, you must receive a passing score as designated at the top of the test. We encourage you to complete the Activity Evaluation to provide feedback for future programming.

You may now view or print the certificate from your CME/CE Tracker. You may print the certificate but you cannot alter it. Credits will be tallied in your CME/CE Tracker and archived for 6 years; at any point within this time period you can print out the tally as well as the certificates from the CME/CE Tracker.

*The credit that you receive is based on your user profile.

From Medscape Education Diabetes & Endocrinology

CME

Treating Obesity Today: Effective Discussions With Your Patients

Authors: Robert F. Kushner, MD; Caroline Apovian, MD Faculty and Disclosures

THIS ACTIVITY HAS EXPIRED FOR CREDIT

CME Released: 9/15/2014

Valid for credit through: 9/15/2015, 11:59 PM EST

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Disclaimer

The educational activity presented above may involve simulated case-based scenarios. The patients depicted in these scenarios are fictitious and no association with any actual patient is intended or should be inferred.

The material presented here does not necessarily reflect the views of Medscape, LLC, or companies that support educational programming on medscape.org. These materials may discuss therapeutic products that have not been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and off-label uses of approved products. A qualified healthcare professional should be consulted before using any therapeutic product discussed. Readers should verify all information and data before treating patients or employing any therapies described in this educational activity.

References

Faculty and Disclosures

Moderator

Robert F. Kushner, MD

Panelist

Caroline Apovian, MD

Editors

Anne G. Le, PharmD, RPh

Eve J. Wilson, PhD, CCMEP

Steering Committee

Ken Fujioka, MD

Timothy Church, MD, MPH, PhD

Timothy Garvey, MD

Patrick O'Neil, PhD

Donna Ryan, MD

Steven R. Smith, MD

CME Reviewer(s)

Nafeez Zawahir, MD

CME

Treating Obesity Today: Effective Discussions With Your Patients

Target Audience and Goal Statement

Disclosures

Moderator

Robert F. Kushner, MD

Panelist

Caroline Apovian, MD

Editors

Anne G. Le, PharmD, RPh

Eve J. Wilson, PhD, CCMEP

Steering Committee

Ken Fujioka, MD

Timothy Church, MD, MPH, PhD

Timothy Garvey, MD

Patrick O'Neil, PhD

Donna Ryan, MD

Steven R. Smith, MD

CME Reviewer(s)

Nafeez Zawahir, MD

Accreditation Statements

For Physicians

Instructions for Participation and Credit

Treating Obesity Today: Effective Discussions With Your Patients