Friday, March 31, 2023
| Presenter | Lecture Title |
|---|---|
| Craig L Jensen, MD | Impact of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Pregnancy Outcomes |
| Susan E. Carlson, MD | Omega-3 Fatty Acids Improve Cognition and Visual Development in Infancy |
| Linda M. Arterburn, PhD | Human Distribution of DHA and EPA |
| Jan Breslow, MD | Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease |
| Joseph Hibbeln, MD | Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Mental Health |
| Ernst Schaefer, MD | Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Dementia |
| Yvon Carpentier, MD | Omega-3 Fatty Acids and the Metabolic Syndrome |
| Philip Calder, PhD | Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Inflammation: Impact on Heart Disease, Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Asthma |
| Richard J. Deckelbaum, MD | Nutrient/Gene Interactions: Where in the Cell are Omega-3 Fatty Acids Acting? |
| Penny Kris Etherton, PhD | How Much Omega-3 are Enough, and from Whence Should They Come? |
Presentations at the Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Recommendations for Therapeutics and Prevention Symposium
| Organization, year | Recommendation |
|---|---|
| AHA, 2002 | No CVD: should eat oily fish twice/week and foods rich in LNA (walnuts, canola, soy, and flaxseed) |
| Documented CVD: should eat ~1 g EPA and DHA/day preferably from oily fish, but also in supplement form | |
| For triglyceride lowering effects:- 2-4 g of n-3 fatty acids per day as a supplement under a physician's care[73] | |
| AMDR, 2002 | Recommends AI for n-3 fatty acids as 0.6%-1.2% energy, 133-267 mg/day for CVD prevention[74] |
| ISSFAL, 2004 | Recommends adequate LA intake of 2% energy, healthy LNA as 0.7 % energy, and for cardiovascular health a minimum of 500 mg EPA and DHA per day[75] |
| NCEP, 2002 | Recommends eating fish more often[52] |
| NIH supported expert panel, 1999 | 300 mg DHA per day for pregnant or lactating females[14] |
| WHO, 2003 | Recommends 1-2 servings of fish per week each containing 200-500 mg EPA and DHA[76] |
| USDA Dietary Guidelines, 2005 | Recommends 8 oz. per week (2 servings) of fish high in EPA and DHA content to decrease risk of CVD |
Recommendations From Various Organizations and Expert Panels
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Ernst Schaefer, MD
Epidemiologic data indicate that in addition to age, there are at least 3 significant risk factors for dementia and Alzheimer's disease: apoE4 genotype, elevated plasma homocystine levels, and decreased plasma DHA. ApoE4 interacts with brain proteins to predispose people to dementia. Data from the Longitudinal Framingham Study suggest that ApoE4 carriers had approximately a 2.5-fold increased risk of dementia.[46] Homocystine appears to be a direct vascular toxin. Those with increased homocystine levels in plasma were found to have a 1.9-fold increase in dementia.[47] Approximately 40% of fatty acid phospholipids in the brain are DHA. Individuals with dementia have lower plasma phospholipid DHA levels in the brain compared to controls.[48,49] Prospective studies have reported consumption of at least 1 fish serving per week decreases risk of Alzheimer's disease by 60%.[43] Preliminary data suggest that after adjustment for age, gender, apoE genotype, and homocystine levels, the top quartile of plasma DHA of approximately 2.7 or more servings of fish/week or 180 mg or more DHA/day is associated with 50% decreased risk of dementia.[50]
Schaefer concluded that 3 or more fish servings per week or at least 1 fish oil capsule per day (greater than 180 mg DHA/day) to raise DHA levels and supplementing or consuming adequate amounts of vitamins B6, B12, and folate (to decrease homocystine levels) could decrease the incidence of dementia.
