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Antiretroviral therapy has changed the clinical course of HIV and AIDS. Both HIV treatment and AIDS treatment include agents directed at cellular targets occurring at different stages of the replication process. Initiation of antiretroviral medication is geared to a patient's viral load, and standard regimens consist of several antiretroviral drugs. Yet, despite the potency of these agents, efficacy can be compromised by such factors as poor adherence and antiretroviral drug resistance.