How Prevalent Are Acute Cardiac Events During COVID-19 Hospitalization?

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1. You are a member of the healthcare team having (another) discussion with a 69-year-old man with a history of coronary artery disease and hypertension regarding the potential benefits vs risks of the mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines. He cites the risk for myocarditis/pericarditis associated with these vaccines. On the basis of the previous study by Wong and colleagues, what can you tell him?
   BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) was associated with a higher risk for myocarditis/pericarditis vs mRNA-1273 (Moderna)
   mRNA-1273 (Moderna) was associated with a higher risk for myocarditis/pericarditis vs BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech)
   The maximum incidence ratio after vaccination was fewer than 3 events per 100,000 person-days
   The highest risk for myocarditis/pericarditis was recorded among adults at least 65 years of age
2. The patient does not receive COVID-19 vaccination and presents 4 weeks later with acute COVID-19. What should you consider regarding the result of the current study by Woodruff and colleagues as you discuss this diagnosis?
   Cardiovascular events occurred in 1.4% of admissions for COVID-19
   The most common cardiovascular events associated with COVID-19 were acute ischemic heart disease and acute heart failure
   The risk for cardiovascular events was particularly pronounced among younger adults
   Cardiovascular events were not associated with higher rates of intensive care unit admission or death