How Does Weight in Childhood Affect Menstruation as an Adult?

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1. You are a member of the health care team for an 8-year-old overweight girl. On the basis of the prospective cohort study of US female participants in the Growing Up Today Study by Lu and colleagues, which one of the following statements about the association between childhood and adolescent body mass index (BMI) and risk for premenstrual disorders (PMDs) in young adulthood is correct?
   Baseline BMI for age reported at mean age 12.7 was associated with a higher burden of premenstrual symptoms
   Baseline BMI for age reported at mean age 12.7 was not associated with increased risk for PMDs in the absence of psychiatric comorbidities
   Associations were weaker for PMDD and for PMDs with symptom onset before age 20 years
   BMI across 8 to 18 years of age was positively associated with severity of premenstrual symptoms
2. According to the prospective cohort study of US female participants in the Growing Up Today Study by Lu and colleagues, which one of the following statements about clinical implications of the association between childhood and adolescent BMI and risk for PMDs in young adulthood is correct?
   The study proves that childhood adiposity causes later PMD
   Maintaining normal BMI in childhood may eventually be considered to prevent development of PMDs, as well as other health conditions, in adulthood
   The association of childhood adiposity with depression, anxiety, and eating disorder later in life fully explains the association between childhood BMI and PMDs
   Pubertal timing fully explains the association between childhood BMI and PMDs